ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Federal Funds

For necessary expenses of the Office of Inspector General in carrying out the provisions of the Inspector General Act of 1978, [$41,489,000] $51,527,000, to remain available until September 30, [2017] 2018. (Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

This appropriation supports the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) core programs by providing funds for independent Office of Inspector General (OIG) audit, evaluation, and investigative products and advisory services. These products and services consistently provide significant positive monetary return on investment and contribute substantially to risk reduction, improved environmental quality and human health, as well as improved business practices, operational efficiency, and accountability. Specifically, the OIG performs contract audits and investigations that focus on costs claimed by contractors and assess the effectiveness of contract management. Assistance agreement audits and investigations evaluate the award, administration, and costs of assistance agreements. Program audits, evaluations, and investigations determine the extent to which the desired results or benefits envisioned by the Administration and the Congress are being achieved, and identify activities that could undermine the integrity, efficiency, and effectiveness of EPA programs. Financial statement audits review financial systems and statements to ensure that adequate controls are in place and EPA's accounting information is timely, accurate, reliable and useful, and complies with applicable laws and regulations. Efficiency, risk assessment, and program performance audits review the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of operations by examining EPA's structure and processes for achieving environmental goals, including assessing risk, setting priorities, developing implementation strategies, and measuring performance. Information resource management audits review EPA information technology and systems to test the integrity of data and systems controls, as well as compliance with a variety of Federal information security laws and requirements. Investigations prevent, detect, and seek prosecution for criminal activity and serious misconduct in EPA programs and operations. Major areas of investigative focus include: financial fraud, infrastructure/terrorist threat, program integrity, employee integrity, cyber crimes, and theft of intellectual or sensitive data. In addition, the EPA Inspector General serves as the IG for the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, providing the full range of audit, evaluation, and investigative services specified by the Inspector General Act, as amended. Additional funds for audit, evaluation, and investigative activities associated with the Superfund Trust Fund are appropriated under that account and transferred to the Inspector General account. This appropriation also supports activities under the Working Capital Fund.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For science and technology, including research and development activities, which shall include research and development activities under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980; necessary expenses for personnel and related costs and travel expenses; procurement of laboratory equipment and supplies; and other operating expenses in support of research and development, [$734,648,000] $754,184,000, to remain available until September 30, [2017: Provided, That of the funds included under this heading, $14,100,000 shall be for Research: National Priorities as specified in the explanatory statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this consolidated Act)] 2018. (Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

This appropriation finances salary, travel, science, technology, environmental monitoring, research, and development activities including laboratory and center supplies, certain operating expenses (including activities under the Working Capital Fund), contracts, grants, intergovernmental agreements, and purchases of scientific equipment. In addition, the Administrator will employ persons in the Office of Research and Development under the authority provided in 42 U.S.C. 209. These activities provide the scientific and technology basis for EPA policy and regulatory development actions. This appropriation supports core Agency programs and each of the Agency's five goals. Specifically in 2017, EPA will place emphasis on the following:

Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality.—To develop and implement strategies to address climate change and improve air quality, EPA will conduct a range of science and technology activities. These include research to inform the review of the national ambient air quality standards that builds upon new science and work already performed to improve understanding of ozone, particulate matter, lead, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. In 2017, the Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) research program will identify air quality benefits associated with climate mitigation and adaptation choices to inform national and regional climate decisions. The program also will conduct systems research and life cycle analysis to understand the production, operation, and impacts of energy systems on health and the environment. Research on the generation, fate, transport, and chemical transformation of air emissions will identify individual and population health risks to inform clean air management decisions in the context of a changing climate and evolving energy use. The ACE research program will also develop and evaluate new approaches for monitoring levels of air pollutants—including air toxics— that may be used to enhance and reduce the cost and/or burden of monitoring for communities and industrial facilities. In conjunction with the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR) research program, EPA will coordinate with the Department of Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey to understand and address potential impacts of natural gas development using hydraulic fracturing. EPA will continue collecting data to inform implementation of the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR). EPA will also develop, implement, and ensure compliance with regulatory programs that will significantly reduce emissions from highway and non-road sources, including the implementation of greenhouse gas emission standards for light-duty and heavy duty vehicles. EPA will continue to implement the renewable fuels provisions of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109–58) and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (P.L. 110–140). In addition, EPA will develop tools for State and local governments and Tribes to use in developing clean air plans to achieve air quality standards. EPA will conduct field measurements and assessments and provide technical support for indoor air quality remediations that primarily focus on Tribal communities.

Protecting America's Waters.—In 2017, through the SSWR program, EPA will conduct research to meet the following science needs articulated by EPA's water program: evaluating groups of contaminants for the protection of human health and the environment; developing innovative tools, technologies, and strategies for managing water resources (including stormwater); and supporting a systems approach for protecting and restoring aquatic systems. The systems approach includes research to inform setting water quality criteria, establishing measures to assess and manage watersheds, and developing effective source control and management methods, especially for urban uses. A major component of the research program is working to support EPA's Drinking Water Strategy.

The SSWR program will address potential water supply endangerments associated with hydraulic fracturing. In addition to continuing work associated with its ongoing study, EPA will coordinate with the Department of Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey to understand and address potential impacts of natural gas development using hydraulic fracturing.

Within the SSWR program, green infrastructure research will continue to assess, develop, and compile scientifically rigorous tools and models that will be used by EPA's Office of Water, States and municipalities. In addition, SSWR and the other research programs are demonstrating innovative water technologies that will help the Army meet its goals of Net Zero energy, water, and waste by 2020 across the country and overseas. Currently, there are demonstration sites at Fort Riley, in Kansas, and at Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington State.

Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development.—The Sustainable and Healthy Communities (SHC) research program, including Superfund research, incorporates the principles of sustainability into its research in many capacities to promote sustainable environmental technologies with a focus on developing a new generation of smart technologies to address environmental conditions in a community. Superfund research costs are appropriated to the Hazardous Substance Superfund Trust Fund appropriation and transferred to this account to allow for proper accounting. In 2017, the SHC research program will continue to develop decision support tools to enable communities' decision makers to solve complex human health and environmental problems. The program will identify health risks and stressors, especially those that disproportionately impact vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly.

SHC's decision support tools focus on social, economic, health, and ecological outcomes when making critical decisions about transportation, materials management and solid waste, land use, and the built environment. These tools, developed in conjunction with EPA's program offices, along with states and local governments, will increase the capacity for community stakeholders to examine the impacts of environmental stressors and local, regional, and state planning decisions on ecosystems and human health and well-being.

SHC's products provide an opportunity for decision makers to utilize an integrated systems approach to simultaneously address all of these objectives while avoiding unanticipated consequences. SHC's research products also provide EPA's regional and program offices with tools to identify more cost effective means to implement regulations and ensure regulatory compliance.

Examples of the application of SHC's decision support tools include: integrating research on pesticide and toxic substances with research on human health and ecosystems; mapping, monitoring, and modeling pollutants such as nitrogen; conducting ecosystem type assessments; and assessing risk management decisions for human health. A component of this research will focus on decreasing risks to vulnerable communities and groups that are disproportionately affected by existing problems.

In 2017, EPA's Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) program will continue efforts to develop assessments and scientific products that are used extensively by EPA Program and Regional offices, and other parties, to estimate the potential risk to public health from exposure to environmental contaminants, to develop regulatory standards, and to manage environmental clean-ups. The HHRA research program provides the scientific foundation for Agency actions to protect public health and the environment with four specific components:

1) Integrated Risk Information System health hazard and dose-response assessments;

2) Integrated Science Assessments of criteria air pollutants;

3) Community and Site Specific Risks; and

4) Research to Advance Analyses and Applications.

Homeland Security Research.—The Homeland Security Research program will continue to support research efforts on evaluating chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) analytical methods; event detection software; and calibration of contaminant warning systems. The Homeland Security Research program will conduct research on decontamination and management of its consequences for public health, as well as methods for protecting water infrastructures and assessing both threats, and their consequences. In 2017, decontamination research will continue to address existing scientific knowledge gaps in responding to and recovering from wide-area CBR attacks on urban centers and public areas. Water Infrastructure Protection Research will focus on developing and testing decontamination approaches for water infrastructure and on treating CBR contaminated water caused by terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and/or accidents. Research on real-time distribution system models and methods to isolate and treat contaminated water, clean distribution systems, redirect water, and return water systems to service quickly and affordably is in progress. In 2017, as part of the Water Security Initiative (WSI), EPA will carry out a national training program for water systems on recently completed guidance and electronic tools to design and deploy a Water Quality Surveillance and Response System. Deployment of a Water Quality Surveillance and Response System can allow a water utility to rapidly detect and respond to water quality problems such as contamination in the distribution system in order to reduce public health and economic consequences. EPA will also continue to support water sector-specific agency responsibilities, including the Water Alliance for Threat Reduction, to protect the nation's critical water infrastructure. EPA will continue to oversee the regional laboratory networks that form the Water Laboratory Alliance, which enables the water sector to rapidly analyze a surge of laboratory samples during a significant contamination event. Also EPA will promote more robust drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater system resilience by increasing the national prominence of the Climate Ready Water Utilities (CRWU) initiative. EPA will also support cybersecurity activities within the water infrastructure sector pursuant to Executive Order 13636, Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity.

Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution.—Impacts to people or the environment from chemicals can occur at any point from the extraction of raw materials to the chemical's end of life, when it is disposed of or recycled. EPA's Chemical Safety for Sustainability Research Program (CSS) is designed to strengthen the Agency's ability to evaluate and predict the potential environmental and human health impacts from use of manufactured chemicals throughout their lifecycle. In 2017, CSS will lead development of innovative science to support safe, sustainable design and use of chemicals and materials required to promote human and environmental health, as well as to protect vulnerable populations. The CSS program will support the development and application of improved and new computational systems, models of pathways and tissues; rapid cost-efficient exposure models; and user-friendly web based tools for analysis and decision support. In 2017, EPA will continue its collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under the auspices of the Tox21 consortium. Tox21's high-speed robot screening system will continue testing over 8,000 different chemicals, including nanomaterials and other chemicals found in industrial and consumer products, food additives, and drugs, for potential toxicity. Additionally, the CSS research program plans to:

1) Provide partners, decision makers, and other Agency Research Programs with intuitive and user-friendly decision support tools and graphical depictions of chemical data to aid with risk-based prioritization using the CSS Dashboard;

2) Produce chemical structure files that cover EPA's eco-toxicological databases, high throughput testing programs like ToxCast and Tox21, and the FDA's food additive database;

3) Provide and demonstrate solutions for the sustainable design, production, and use of new chemicals using life cycle chemical assessments in order to encourage the use of green engineering principles by manufacturers;

4) Apply and demonstrate newer computational toxicology approaches that will enhance the pace and efficiency of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP); and

5) Apply computational and knowledge driven approaches to amplify the impact of research on engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and on evaluation of emerging safer chemical alternatives.

In 2017, the Agency will protect human health by ensuring the availability of appropriate analytical methods for detecting pesticide residues in food and feed, ensuring suitability for monitoring pesticide residues, and enforcing tolerances. EPA will accomplish this by developing and validating multi-residue pesticide analytical methods for food, feed, and water for use by other Federal and State laboratories, and subsequently the program office. Laboratories further support the estimation of human health risks from pesticide use by operating the National Pesticide Standard Repository (NPSR). The NPSR will also protect the environment by supporting Federal and State laboratories involved in enforcement activities.

Enforcing Environmental Laws.—In 2017, EPA's Forensics Support program will continue to provide specialized scientific and technical support for the Nation's most complex civil and criminal enforcement cases, as well as technical expertise for Agency compliance efforts. This work is critical to determining non-compliance and building viable enforcement cases. EPA's National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) is a fully accredited environmental forensics center under International Standards Organization 17025, the main standard used by testing and calibration laboratories, as recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. NEIC works closely with the EPA Criminal Investigation Division to provide technical support (e.g., sampling, analysis, consultation and testimony) to criminal investigations. NEIC also works closely with the Regional Offices to provide technical assistance, consultation, on-site inspection, investigation, and case resolution services in support of EPA's Civil Enforcement program.

NEIC will continue to apply its technical resources in support of EPA's national enforcement priorities, and support the technical aspects of criminal investigations. Efforts to stay at the forefront of environmental enforcement in 2017 include focused refinement of single and multi-media compliance monitoring investigation approaches, customized laboratory methods to solve unusual enforcement case challenges, and applied research and development in both laboratory and field applications.

Enabling and Support Programs.—EPA's Enabling and Support Programs provide the people, facilities, and systems necessary to operate the programs funded by the Science and Technology appropriations. The offices and the functions they perform are: Administration and Resources Management (facilities infrastructure and operations) and Environmental Information (information technology/data management).

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For environmental programs and management, including necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, for personnel and related costs and travel expenses; hire of passenger motor vehicles; hire, maintenance, and operation of aircraft; purchase of reprints; library memberships in societies or associations which issue publications to members only or at a price to members lower than to subscribers who are not members; administrative costs of the brownfields program under the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act of 2002; and not to exceed $9,000 for official reception and representation expenses, [$2,613,679,000] $2,852,893,000, to remain available until September 30, [2017: Provided, That of the funds included under this heading, $12,700,000 shall be for Environmental Protection: National Priorities as specified in the explanatory statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this consolidated Act): Provided further, That of the funds included under this heading, $427,737,000 shall be for Geographic Programs specified in the explanatory statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this consolidated Act)] 2018. (Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016.)

Special and Trust Fund Receipts (in millions of dollars)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

This appropriation includes funds for salaries, travel, contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements for pollution abatement, control, and compliance activities and administrative activities of the operating programs, including activities under the Working Capital Fund. This appropriation supports core Agency programs and each of the Agency's five goals. Specifically in fiscal year 2017, EPA will emphasize the following:

Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality.—To protect and improve air quality and reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the EPA will apply a variety of approaches and tools. The EPA will develop and implement strategies to attain ambient air quality standards for the six criteria pollutants: ozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. The EPA will reduce regional haze through regional approaches where significant transport of pollutants occurs. The EPA will also develop control measures for sources that are best regulated at the Federal level. The EPA will continue to develop and issue national technology-based and risk-based standards using a sector-based approach to reduce the quantity of toxic air pollutants emitted from industrial and manufacturing processes, as well as from urban sources. The EPA will proceed with performing analyses to develop New Source Performance Standards, consistent with Clean Air Act requirements. The Acid Rain program will continue its market-based approach to achieving reduced emissions of sulfur dioxide, primarily from electric utilities. The market-based approach will also be used in other programs, where permitted under the Clean Air Act, to reduce emissions of air pollutants. The EPA will use its authority under the Clean Air Act to continue efforts to reduce GHGs domestically and internationally through cost-effective, non-regulatory programs, while also pursuing regulatory options. Through implementation of the mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule, the EPA will work with sources to obtain high quality data in a cost-effective manner. The EPA will continue to provide support and oversight for local, state, and tribal permitting authorities to efficiently process GHG permits, as well as issue permits directly to sources where there is no delegated permitting authority. The EPA will continue partnerships with businesses and other sectors to help reduce GHGs through the greater use of energy efficient technologies and products that contribute to cleaner air. These government-industry partnership programs are designed to capitalize on the opportunities that consumers, businesses, and organizations have for making sound investments in efficient equipment, policies, practices, and transportation choices. The EPA will continue to coordinate the implementation of the Global Methane Initiative to enhance global cooperation and expand efforts to capture and use methane as a clean alternative energy source. The EPA will also participate with other agencies to help global efforts to increase energy efficiency and reduce carbon dioxide and other GHG emissions. The EPA will implement voluntary outreach and partnership programs with non-governmental entities as well as with state, tribal, and local governments to improve indoor air quality and reduce risks to the public from pollutants including radon in homes, schools, and workplaces. In addition, the EPA will develop and use voluntary and regulatory programs, public information, and training to reduce public exposure to radiation. The EPA will focus its domestic and international efforts to ensure that ozone-depleting substance production and import caps under the Montreal Protocol and Clean Air Act continue to be met.

Protecting America's Waters.—To protect and restore our waters to ensure that drinking water is safe, and that aquatic ecosystems sustain fish, plants and wildlife, as well as support economic, recreational, and subsistence activities, EPA will focus on several key strategies. Strong support is provided for helping communities address their water and wastewater infrastructure needs through a multifaceted approach. In conjunction with significant support provided through the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds, the EPA will provide technical assistance, training, and other efforts to enhance the capacity of communities, states, and private investors to plan and finance drinking water and wastewater infrastructure improvements. The EPA will work with states, tribes, and communities to promote innovative practices that advance water system and community resiliency and sustainability. Funding is included to support the Water Infrastructure and Resilience Finance Center and other activities of the Administration's Build America Investment Initiative. The EPA's strategy for helping systems provide safe drinking water over the next several years includes developing or revising drinking water standards, supporting States, Tribes, and water systems in implementing standards, promoting sustainable management of water infrastructure, and protecting sources of drinking water from contamination. The EPA will facilitate the ecosystem-scale protection and restoration of natural areas by supporting continuing efforts of all 28 National Estuary Program estuaries to implement their Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plans to protect and restore estuarine resources. To maximize the impact of each dollar, the EPA will continue to strengthen its vital partnerships with States, Tribes, local governments, and other parties that are also working toward the common goal of improving the Nation's waters. The EPA will implement the President's Executive Order on the Chesapeake Bay, EO 13508, the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) and the 2014 Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement, implementing strategies to restore water quality and the Bay ecosystem. The EPA will continue to lead the implementation of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. The initiative provides $250 million for programs and projects strategically chosen to target the most significant environmental problems in the Great Lakes ecosystem. This investment will allow for implementation of important restoration activities emphasizing on-the-ground work to achieve the goals, objectives and targets of the Initiative. The EPA expects to continue to progress in cleaning up and delisting Areas of Concern, reducing phosphorus contributions from agricultural and urban lands that contribute to harmful algal blooms and other water quality impairments and invasive species prevention EPA is working with States and tribes to implement nationally consistent water quality monitoring programs that allows the EPA to make a credible national assessment of water quality. High quality, current monitoring data is critical for the EPA, States, Tribes and others to make watershed-based decisions, develop necessary water quality standards and TMDLs, and accurately and consistently portray conditions and trends. In addition, EPA will continue work with its federal partners to support the safe deployment of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies as a climate mitigation strategy.

Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development.—The EPA will work to preserve land by ensuring proper management of waste, reducing waste generation and increasing recycling. The EPA will continue to assist States in putting in place and maintaining permits at facilities that treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste. Although States are the primary implementers of the Corrective Action program which requires facilities managing hazardous waste to clean up past releases, the EPA directly implements the program in 13 States and provides technical support and oversight for State-led activities. To achieve the EPA's waste management goals, the EPA will: (1) maintain partnerships with businesses, industries, Tribes, States, communities, and consumers; (2) promote environmentally responsible behavior by product manufacturers, users and disposers; and (3) encourage businesses, government, institutions and consumers to reduce waste generation and increase recycling through education, outreach, training, and technical assistance. The EPA will also continue to work with States in order to bring all underground storage tank systems into compliance and keep them in compliance with the release detection and release prevention requirements outlined in the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The EPA works with State, local, and Tribal partners to help protect the public and the environment from releases of hazardous substances from chemical handling facilities by helping them develop area-wide emergency response and contingency plans. The EPA conducts audits and inspections of those facilities handling more than a threshold quantity of certain extremely hazardous chemicals and that are required to implement a Risk Management Program to prevent releases. The EPA will also support the operations and management of the Brownfields program, including training and technical support to assist communities to address general issues associated redevelopment or reuse of properties that may be complicated by the presence of contamination. The EPA is committed to ensuring environmental justice regardless of race, color, national origin, or income. Recognizing that minority and/or low-income communities may be exposed disproportionately to environmental harm and risks, the EPA works to protect these communities from adverse health and environmental effects and to ensure they are given the opportunity to participate meaningfully in environmental clean-up decisions. The EPA's Environmental Justice program will continue to incorporate environmental justice considerations in the rulemaking process. The EPA will apply effective methods suitable for determining whether disproportionate environmental health impacts on minority, low-income, and tribal populations exist.

In collaboration with our tribal government partners, the EPA works to strengthen human health and environmental protection in Indian country. The EPA works to ensure that its environmental protection programs are implemented in Indian country either by the EPA or by the Tribes. Also, the EPA provides resources and technical assistance for federally-recognized Tribes to create and maintain effective environmental program capacity. In FY 2017, the EPA will continue its collaboration with Tribes to develop long-term EPA-Tribal Environmental Plans (ETEP) for all federally-recognized Tribes, continue to implement the 2013 Tribal General Assistance Program (GAP) guidance to Tribes, and complete performance measures to better assess the Agency's outreach to Tribes.

Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution.—To ensure that food will be free from unsafe levels of pesticide residues, the EPA will apply strict health-based standards to the registration of pesticides for use on food or animal feed and ensure that older pesticides meet current health standards. The EPA will also work to expedite and increase the registration of safer pesticides and to decrease the use of pesticides with the highest potential to cause adverse effects. The EPA intends to reduce potential human and environmental risks from commercial and residential exposure to pesticides through programs that focus on farm worker protection, pollinator health and protection, endangered species protection, environmental stewardship, and integrated pest management. The EPA's toxics program will continue to make substantial progress in protecting public health and the environment from potentially harmful industrial chemicals by assessing the safety of new and existing chemicals, reducing gaps in the availability of chemical data, strengthening management of chemical information, and providing easier and more complete public access to non-confidential chemical data. Following review of completed chemical assessments from the first set of 83 TSCA Work Plan Chemicals identified by the Agency in March of 2012, the EPA will take action where appropriate to manage any unreasonable risk to human health or the environment posed by exposure to those chemicals. The EPA will also continue its efforts to alleviate health risks from exposure to lead-based paint and other sources of lead in the environment, in part by implementing regulations requiring use of firms certified for applying lead-safe practices in renovation, remodeling, painting, and lead-abatement projects. EPA's Pollution Prevention (P2) program will continue to alleviate environmental problems by achieving significant reductions in the use of hazardous materials, energy and water; reductions in the generation of greenhouse gases; cost savings; and increases in the use of safer chemicals and products across the Federal government and through voluntary engagement with business. The P2 Program's efforts advance the agency's priorities to pursue sustainability, take action on climate change and reduce chemical risks. Additionally, the P2 program will continue to promote increased use of those solutions, providing technical assistance and demonstrating their environmental and economic benefits.

The United States will coordinate with other nations in multilateral efforts to protect the environment and human health. The EPA will continue to support the U.S. role in chairing the Arctic Council from 2015–2017, promote formal bilateral and multilateral environmental agreements with key countries, execute environmental components of the Administration's key foreign policy initiatives, and engage in regional and global negotiations aimed at reducing potential environmental risks via formal and informal agreements. The EPA will continue to cooperate with other countries to ensure that domestic and international environmental laws, policies, and priorities are recognized and implemented and, where appropriate, promoted within the multilateral development assistance and trading system.

Combined with public demand for information, unprecedented changes in information technology are altering the way the EPA, States, and Tribes collect, manage, analyze, use, secure, and provide access to quality environmental information. The EPA is working with the States and Tribes to strengthen our information quality, leverage information maintained by other government organizations, and develop new tools that provide the public with simultaneous access to multiple data sets, allowing users to understand local, Tribal, State, regional, and national environmental conditions. Key to achieving information quality will be the further development of the National Environmental Information Exchange Network, which is primarily an affiliation between the EPA and the States and Tribes. The EPA will continue to reduce reporting burden, improve data quality, and accelerate data publications by accelerating the replacement of paper-based submissions with electronic reporting under the Toxic Release Inventory and other programs.

Enforcing Environmental Laws.—The EPA will implement a strong enforcement and compliance program focused on identifying and reducing non-compliant actions and deterring future non-compliant actions that violate the law. To improve compliance with environmental laws, the EPA works to provide easy access to tools that help regulated entities, Federal agencies, and the public understand these laws and find efficient, cost-effective means for putting them into practice. The EPA's enforcement program targets inspections and other compliance monitoring activities according to the degree of health and environmental risk. The program collaborates with the Department of Justice, States, local government agencies, and Tribal governments to ensure consistent and fair enforcement of all environmental laws and regulations. The program seeks to aggressively pursue violations that threaten communities, ensure a level economic playing field by ensuring that violators do not realize an economic benefit from noncompliance, and deter future violations. The Civil Enforcement program develops, litigates, and settles administrative and civil judicial cases against serious violators of environmental laws. The Criminal Enforcement program punishes violators of environmental laws by holding them accountable through jail sentences and criminal fines. Bringing criminal cases sends a strong deterrence message to potential violators, enhances aggregate compliance with laws and regulations and protects our communities. In 2016, the EPA will continue efforts to improve efficiencies by streamlining monitoring and reporting, improving transparency, more accurately gauging compliance, and better engaging the public.

Enabling and Support Programs.—The EPA's Enabling and Support Programs (ESPs) provide centralized management services and support to environmental programs. The offices and the functions they perform within the Environmental Programs and Management appropriation are: the Offices of Administration and Resources Management (facilities, infrastructure and operations; acquisition management; human resources management services; grants and interagency agreements; suspension and debarment; administrative law); Environmental Information (exchange network, information security, information technology/data management); the Administrator (civil rights/Title VI compliance, congressional, intergovernmental and external relations, regional science and technology, Science Advisory Board); the Chief Financial Officer (strategic planning, annual planning and budgeting, financial services, financial management, analysis, and accountability); and General Counsel (alternative dispute resolution and legal advice). Since these centralized services provide support across EPA, resources for the ESPs are allocated across EPA's appropriations, goals, and objectives.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For construction, repair, improvement, extension, alteration, and purchase of fixed equipment, land or facilities of, or for use by, the Environmental Protection Agency, [$42,317,000] $52,078,000, to remain available until expended. (Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

This appropriation provides for the construction, repair, improvement, extension, alteration, and purchase of fixed equipment, land or facilities that are owned or used by EPA. This appropriation supports the EPA-wide goals through Enabling and Support Programs that provide centralized management services and support to the EPA's various environmental programs. EPA's management infrastructure will set and implement the highest quality standards for effective internal management and fiscal responsibility. The facilities funded by this account will provide quality work environments and state-of-the-art laboratories that address employee safety and security and pollution prevention. The appropriation includes costs associated with the consolidation and optimization of EPA's laboratory enterprise, reducing its overall footprint and facility costs.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

For environmental programs and infrastructure assistance, including capitalization grants for State revolving funds and performance partnership grants, [$3,518,161,000] $3,280,400,000, to remain available until expended, of which—

(1) [$1,393,887,000] $979,500,000 shall be for making capitalization grants for the Clean Water State Revolving Funds under title VI of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act; and of which [$863,233,000] $1,020,500,000 shall be for making capitalization grants for the Drinking Water State Revolving Funds under section 1452 of the Safe Drinking Water Act: Provided, That for fiscal year [2016] 2017, to the extent there are sufficient eligible project applications and projects are consistent with State Intended Use Plans, not less than [10] 20 percent of the funds made available under this title to each State for Clean Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants shall be used by the State for projects to address green infrastructure[, water or energy efficiency improvements,] or other environmentally innovative activities: Provided further, That for fiscal year [2016] 2017, funds made available under this title to each State for Drinking Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants may, at the discretion of each State, be used for projects to address green infrastructure, water or energy efficiency improvements, or other environmentally innovative activities: Provided further, That notwithstanding section 603(d)(7) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the limitation on the amounts in a State water pollution control revolving fund that may be used by a State to administer the fund shall not apply to amounts included as principal in loans made by such fund in fiscal year [2016] 2017 and prior years where such amounts represent costs of administering the fund to the extent that such amounts are or were deemed reasonable by the Administrator, accounted for separately from other assets in the fund, and used for eligible purposes of the fund, including administration: Provided further, That for fiscal year 2017, notwithstanding the provisions of sections 201(g)(1), (h), and (l) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, grants under Title II of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act for American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, the United States Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia may also be made for the purpose of providing assistance: (1) solely for facility plans, design activities, or plans, specification, and estimates for any proposed project for the construction of treatment works; and (2) for the construction, repair, or replacement of privately owned treatment works serving one or more principal residences or small commercial establishments; Provided further, That for fiscal year 2017, notwithstanding the provisions of 201(g)(1), (h), and (l) and section 518(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, funds reserved by the Administrator for grants under section 518(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act may also be used to provide assistance: (1) solely for facility plans, design activities, or plans, specifications, and estimates for any proposed project for the construction of treatment works; and (2) for the construction, repair, or replacement of privately owned treatment works serving one or more principal residences or small commercial establishments; Funds reserved under section 518(c) of such Act shall be available for grants only to Indian tribes, as defined in section 518(h) of such Act and former Indian reservations in Oklahoma (as defined by the Secretary of the Interior) and Native Villages as defined in Public Law 92–203: Provided further, That for fiscal year 2017, notwithstanding any provision of the Clean Water Act and regulations issued pursuant thereof, up to a total of $2,000,000 of the funds reserved by the Administrator for grants under section 518(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act may also be used for grants for training, technical assistance, and educational programs relating to the operation and management of the treatment works specified in section 518(c) of such Act; Funds reserved under section 518(c) of such Act shall be available for grants only to Indian tribes, as defined in section 518(h) of such Act and former Indian reservations in Oklahoma (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior) and Native Villages as defined in Public Law 92–203; Provided further, That for fiscal year [2016] 2017, notwithstanding the limitation on amounts in section 518(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, up to a total of 2 percent of the funds appropriated, or $30,000,000, whichever is greater, and notwithstanding the limitation on amounts in section 1452(i) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, up to a total of 2 percent of the funds appropriated, or $20,000,000, whichever is greater, for State Revolving Funds under such Acts may be reserved by the Administrator for grants under section 518(c) and section 1452(i) of such Acts: Provided further, That for fiscal year [2016] 2017, notwithstanding the amounts specified in section 205(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, up to 1.5 percent of the aggregate funds appropriated for the Clean Water State Revolving Fund program under the Act less any sums reserved under section 518(c) of the Act, may be reserved by the Administrator for grants made under title II of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act for American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and United States Virgin Islands: Provided further, That for fiscal year [2016] 2017, notwithstanding the limitations on amounts specified in section 1452(j) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, up to 1.5 percent of the funds appropriated for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs under the Safe Drinking Water Act may be reserved by the Administrator for grants made under section 1452(j) of the Safe Drinking Water Act: Provided further, That [10 percent of the funds made available under this title to each State for Clean Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants and 20] no less than 10 percent but not more than 20 percent of the funds made available under this title to each State for Clean Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants and not less than 20 percent but not more than 30 percent of the funds made available under this title to each State for Drinking Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants shall be used by the State to provide additional subsidy to eligible recipients in the form of forgiveness of principal, negative interest loans, or grants (or any combination of these), and shall be so used by the State only where such funds are provided as initial financing for an eligible recipient or to buy, refinance, or restructure the debt obligations of eligible recipients only where such debt was incurred on or after the date of enactment of this Act;

(2) [$10,000,000] $5,000,000 shall be for architectural, engineering, planning, design, construction and related activities in connection with the construction of high priority water and wastewater facilities in the area of the United States-Mexico Border, after consultation with the appropriate border commission; Provided, That no funds provided by this appropriations Act to address the water, wastewater and other critical infrastructure needs of the colonias in the United States along the United States-Mexico border shall be made available to a county or municipal government unless that government has established an enforceable local ordinance, or other zoning rule, which prevents in that jurisdiction the development or construction of any additional colonia areas, or the development within an existing colonia the construction of any new home, business, or other structure which lacks water, wastewater, or other necessary infrastructure;

(3) [$20,000,000] $17,000,000 shall be for grants to the State of Alaska to address drinking water and wastewater infrastructure needs of rural and Alaska Native Villages: Provided, That of these funds: (A) the State of Alaska shall provide a match of 25 percent; (B) no more than 5 percent of the funds may be used for administrative and overhead expenses; and (C) the State of Alaska shall make awards consistent with the Statewide priority list established in conjunction with the Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture for all water, sewer, waste disposal, and similar projects carried out by the State of Alaska that are funded under section 221 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1301) or the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.) which shall allocate not less than 25 percent of the funds provided for projects in regional hub communities;

(4) $[80,000,000]90,000,000 shall be to carry out section 104(k) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), including grants, interagency agreements, and associated program support costs: Provided, That not more than 25 percent of the amount appropriated to carry out section 104(k) of CERCLA shall be used for site characterization, assessment, and remediation of facilities described in section 101(39)(D)(ii)(II) of CERCLA;

(5) [$50,000,000] $10,000,000 shall be for grants under title VII, subtitle G of the Energy Policy Act of 2005;

[(6) $20,000,000 shall be for targeted airshed grants in accordance with the terms and conditions of the explanatory statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this consolidated Act);]

([7]6) [$1,060,041,000] $1,158,400,000 shall be for grants, including associated program support costs, to States, federally recognized tribes, interstate agencies, tribal consortia, and air pollution control agencies for multi-media or single media pollution prevention, control and abatement and related activities, including activities pursuant to the provisions set forth under this heading in Public Law 104–134, and for making grants under section 103 and 105 of the Clean Air Act for particulate matter monitoring and data collection activities subject to terms and conditions specified by the Administrator, of which: [$47,745,000] $49,500,000 shall be for carrying out section 128 of CERCLA; [$9,646,000] $25,346,000 shall be for Environmental Information Exchange Network grants, including associated program support costs; [$1,498,000] $2,498,000 shall be for grants to States under section 2007(f)(2) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, which shall be in addition to funds appropriated under the heading "Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Program" to carry out the provisions of the Solid Waste Disposal Act specified in section 9508(c) of the Internal Revenue Code other than section 9003(h) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act; $17,848,000 of the funds available for grants under section 106 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act shall be for State participation in national- and State-level statistical surveys of water resources and enhancements to State monitoring programs [: Provided, That for the period of fiscal years 2016 through 2020, notwithstanding other applicable provisions of law, the funds appropriated for the Indian Environmental General Assistance Program shall be available to federally recognized tribes for solid waste and recovered materials collection, transportation, backhaul, and disposal services; and]

[(8) $21,000,000 shall be for grants to States and federally recognized Indian tribes for implementation of environmental programs and projects that complement existing environmental program grants, including interagency agreements, as specified in the explanatory statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this consolidated Act)]. (Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

This appropriation supports core EPA programs and each of the EPA's five goals through grants to States, Tribes and other partners. In 2017, $3.280 billion is provided to assist State and Tribal partners implement their environmental programs to protect human health and the environment. EPA is using common elements for State and Tribal grant agreements, including Performance Partnerships. The elements clearly link to EPA's strategic plan to relate State workplan information into EPA's strategic and annual goals. The Budget also adopts a multifaceted approach to address water and wastewater infrastructure which includes State Revolving Fund activities funded in this appropriation.

Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality.—To reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that cause climate change and protect and improve air quality through implementation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and other regulations, the EPA will offer media-specific and multi-media Performance Partnership Grants, and technical assistance to states and tribes. This financial and technical assistance will assist states and tribes in the development of solutions that address local air needs, and provide support for development of state and tribal implementation plans that address how the state or tribe will meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act. The EPA will also provide funds to states and tribes maintain and to improve air monitoring networks to obtain data on emissions of criteria pollutants and air toxics. The EPA issued air quality standards for fine particulate matter, in the late 1990s and funded the then new monitoring network using section 103 of the Clean Air Act. The EPA is committed to transitioning authority for funding the fine particulate monitoring from section 103 of the Clean Air Act to section 105 given the established and continuing nature of the program. Section 103 provides full funding for pilot programs, demonstrations, research, and other one-time activities; section 105 requires State and local agencies to provide matching funds of at least 40 percent of the amount required for the entire continuing State or local clean air program. Using funds provided by EPA under sections 103 and 105, States and Tribes will prepare State Implementation Plans and Tribal Implementation Plans to implement and achieve the revised, more protective NAAQS; implement new monitoring requirements, including technological upgrades and additional monitoring stations; and support the National Air Toxics Trends Stations monitoring network. Additionally, the EPA will provide funds to support States' collection, review, and use of GHG emissions data and permitting of large sources of GHG's. The EPA will also implement the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) Grant Program by providing funding through grants and rebates to continue to reduce diesel emissions in priority areas and areas of highly concentrated diesel pollution.

Protecting America's Waters.—This Agency goal is to reduce human exposure to contaminants in drinking water, fish and shellfish, and recreational waters and to protect and restore watersheds and aquatic ecosystems. Significant support is provided to help communities address their water and wastewater infrastructure needs. In 2017, the EPA will invigorate its efforts to work with State and local partners to develop policies that promote the use of water resources in ways that are both ecologically and economically sustainable. In support of this goal, EPA will provide $1,020.5 million for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF), which makes low interest loans to public water systems and grants to tribes and U.S. Territories to upgrade drinking water infrastructure to help them provide safe drinking water. EPA will also provide $979.5 million for the Clean Water SRF. The Clean Water SRF makes low interest loans to communities and includes a set-aside for Tribes and U.S. Territories to construct wastewater treatment infrastructure, in addition to other projects that enhance water quality. In sum, the Federal Government has invested over $60 billion in grants to help capitalize the SRFs. With the required State match, additional State contributions, and funds from program leveraging, funds made available for loans totals over $130 billion since their inception. In 2017, EPA will work with communities to ensure the SRFs support cost-effective, sustainable green infrastructure, or other environmentally innovative activities that promote system and community resilience, as not less than 20 percent of the Clean Water SRF grants shall be used by the State for such activities. For 2017, funds provided to States under the Drinking Water SRF may be used for projects to address green infrastructure, and other environmentally innovative activities. Funding provided through the SRFs will be enhanced by technical assistance, training, and planning efforts funded through EPA's operating programs as part of a multifaceted approach to address water and wastewater infrastructure. EPA will work with its partners to enhance the capacity of communities, states, and private investors to plan and finance drinking water and wastewater infrastructure improvements.

Direct grants are also provided to help address the significant water and wastewater infrastructure needs of Alaska Native Villages. EPA has implemented a management plan that optimizes the pace of the program. EPA will strengthen State core water quality protection and water enforcement programs. EPA will provide direct grant assistance for water and wastewater infrastructure projects on the U.S.-Mexico border.

EPA will support its partnerships with States, Tribes, and partners through media-specific and multi-media, and/or Performance Partnership grants to: (1) increase the number of community drinking water systems that meet all existing health-based standards, (2) protect watersheds by reducing point and nonpoint source pollution, (3) increase the acreage and improve the condition of wetlands, and (4) address agricultural and urban runoff and storm water. EPA will work with its State and Tribal partners to develop and implement broad-based and integrated monitoring and assessment programs that strengthen their water quality standards, improve decision-making, target restoration within the watershed, address significant stressors, and report on conditions.

Furthermore, in 2017 EPA will enhance efforts to address nutrient pollution through working collaboratively with U.S. Department of Agriculture in high priority, focused watersheds and providing funding to States to undertake nutrient pollution reductions.

Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development.—Land is one of America's most valuable resources and cleaning up our communities to create a safe environment for all Americans while encouraging more sustainable development is critical to the future of our country. EPA's Brownfields program supports land revitalization by providing grants to States, Tribes, and local communities to assess and clean-up real property which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant; these actions pave the way for the productive reuse of contaminated properties. In 2017, EPA will provide $90 million in Brownfields Project grants to local communities, including up to $5 million in area-wide planning grants to explore new land use and economic development opportunities in communities experiencing coal plant closures as part of the Administration's POWER+ initiative. Increases for grants to States and Tribes to establish their own Brownfields programs will continue to advance the sustainability of non-federal land revitalization programs. Hazardous and non-hazardous wastes on the land can migrate to the air, groundwater and surface water, contaminating drinking water supplies, causing acute illnesses or chronic diseases, and threatening healthy ecosystems in urban, rural, and suburban areas.

Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended, EPA provides grants to States to strengthen their ability to implement hazardous waste programs. EPA also provides financial and technical assistance to eligible Tribal governments and inter-tribal consortia. In 2017, EPA will provide grants or cooperative agreements to States for underground storage tank release prevention and detection programs. There will also be direct assistance through media-specific, and multimedia and/or Performance Partnership grants to enable Tribes to implement hazardous waste programs.

In addition, EPA provides grants to assist States, Tribes, and partners with worker safety activities, protection of endangered species and water sources, and promotion of environmental stewardship. To protect, sustain or restore the health of people, communities and ecosystems, EPA will focus on the geographic areas with human and ecological communities at most risk. EPA is working to protect, sustain, and restore the health of natural habitats and ecosystems by identifying and evaluating problem areas, developing tools, and improving community capacity to address problems.

Under Federal environmental statutes, EPA is responsible for protecting human health and the environment in Indian country. EPA works with over 560 Federally recognized Tribes located across the United States to improve environmental and human health outcomes. Indian country totals more than 70 million acres with reservations ranging from less than 10 acres to more than 14 million acres. EPA will provide $96.4 million to build and enhance the capacity of Tribes to address environmental and public health challenges in Indian Country, including lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation, adequate waste facilities, and other environmental safeguards taken for granted elsewhere.

EPA plans to provide $25.4 million to States, U.S. Territories, Tribes, and inter-tribal consortia to help them develop their information management and technology capabilities. The purpose of this support is two-fold: to assist the Agency in providing ready access to real-time environmental information and to allow States and Tribes to better integrate and share their environmental information.

Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution.—In 2017, EPA will continue to provide grant assistance to States, U.S. Territories, District of Columbia, and Tribes in order to develop and implement authorized programs for the lead paint abatement program to operate in lieu of the Federal program. EPA will continue to provide support to develop and implement authorized Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) programs. EPA directly implements these programs in areas of the country that are not authorized to do so.

In 2017, EPA will continue the Pesticide Program State and Tribal Assistance Grants including pesticide applicator training and certification, worker protection, training on endangered species, coordination with States, Tribes, and other Federal agencies to limit the exposure of pollinators during the application of pesticides, protection of water sources from pesticide exposure and promote the Integrated Pest Management (IPM). EPA will also continue the grant program for States and Tribes, to test innovative Pollution Prevention (P2) approaches and to provide P2 technical assistance to companies.

Enforcing Environmental Laws.—To promote compliance with laws intended to protect human health and the environment, EPA will continue to award State and Tribal grants to assist in the implementation of compliance and enforcement provisions of environmental laws. EPA will provide funding to States and Tribes for compliance assurance activities including inspections and enforcement case support activities. Through grants for pesticide enforcement, EPA will support State and Tribal compliance and enforcement activities designed to protect the environment from harmful chemicals and pesticides. These grants will also help States and Tribes protect underserved and vulnerable populations by conducting compliance (inspections) and enforcement activities, including those related to worker protection standards and those at pesticide producing establishments. Toxic Substance compliance grants help protect the public and the environment from polychlorinated biphenyls, asbestos, and lead-based paint. Funds are used to train inspectors, including the train-the-trainer program; provide inspection equipment including sampling and personal protective equipment; and fund travel and salary costs associated with conducting inspections.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)

For the cost of direct loans and for the cost of guaranteed loans, as authorized by the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014, $15,000,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That such costs, including the cost of modifying such loans, shall be as defined in section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974: Provided further, That these funds are available to subsidize gross obligations for the principal amount of direct loans, including capitalized interest, and total loan principal, including capitalized interest, any part of which is to be guaranteed, not to exceed $1,829,000,000.

In addition, fees authorized to be collected pursuant to sections 5029 and 5030 of the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014 shall be deposited in this account to remain available until expended.

In addition, for administrative expenses to carry out the direct and guaranteed loan programs, notwithstanding section 5033 of the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014, $5,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2018.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)

This appropriation supports all activities necessary for the implementation of the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation program established by the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, Title V, Subtitle C. The program will provide low-interest Federal loans or loan guarantees to eligible entities for a wide range of nationally and regionally significant water and wastewater projects. Eligible assistance recipients include corporations, partnerships, municipal entities, and State Revolving Fund programs, among others. Eligible projects include: Clean and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund eligible projects; Projects for enhanced energy efficiency at drinking water and wastewater facilities; Brackish or seawater desalination, aquifer recharge, water recycling; Acquisition of property if it is integral to the project or will mitigate the environmental impact of a project; Bundled SRF projects under one application; and a combination of projects secured by a common security pledge. Of the total $20 million request to implement the WIFIA program, $5 million is for the Office of Water's management and operation of the program, including contract support and associated payroll. The WIFIA program will be administered by the Office of Water.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, authorizes appropriations from the general fund to finance activities conducted through the Hazardous Substance Superfund. The Administration proposes to continue the payment from the general fund up to the appropriated amount in 2017 less sums available in the Trust Fund on October 1, 2016.

Special and Trust Fund Receipts (in millions of dollars)

The Environmental Services special fund was established for the deposit of fee receipts associated with environmental programs that may, by statute, be deposited into the fund.

Special and Trust Fund Receipts (in millions of dollars)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Fees deposited in this account are paid by industry for expedited processing of certain registration applications and the associated establishment of tolerances for pesticides to be used in or on food and animal feed. These Pesticide Registration Service fees are authorized by Section 33 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended by Public Law 112–177, the Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act of 2012.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Summary of Budget Authority and Outlays (in millions of dollars)

Pesticide Maintenance fees are paid by industry to partially fund the costs of pesticide reregistration, registration review, and reassessment of tolerances for pesticides used in or on food and animal feed as required by law. This fee is authorized in Section 4 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1972, as amended by Public Law 112–177. Authorization to collect the fee will expire on September 30, 2017.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Fee Spending Restrictions.—Current statutory language under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) places a cap on the amount of fees that can be spent within the context of a single fiscal year. The budget proposes to remove this prohibition and allow EPA the flexibility to more effectively use fee resources.

Confidential Business Information Management Fee.—EPA receives filings under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) that may contain information claimed as confidential. The Budget proposes to expand EPA's existing authority to collect fees to recover a portion of the costs of reviewing and maintaining this information.

For necessary expenses to carry out section 3024 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6939g), including the development, operation, maintenance, and upgrading of the hazardous waste electronic manifest system established by such section, [$3,674,000] $7,433,000, to remain available until September 30, [2018] 2019. (Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

This appropriation supports all activities necessary for the development of the system established by the Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest Establishment Act (Public Law 112–195).

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

These funds pay for EPA's assessment and restoration activities resulting from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in conjunction with injury to, destruction of, loss of, or loss of the use of natural resources, including their supporting ecosystems. EPA was designated as a trustee for Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) under Executive Order 13626, and this fund was established under the authority of Section 1006(f) (33 U.S.C. 2706(f)) of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

EPA received authority to establish a Working Capital Fund (WCF) and was designated a pilot franchise fund under Public Law 103–356, the Government Management and Reform Act of 1994. EPA received permanent authority for the WCF in Public Law 105–65, as part of an effort to increase competition for governmental administrative services. EPA's WCF became operational in 1997 and funds ten main activities: information technology and telecommunications operations and data services, managed by the Office of Environmental Information; Agency postage costs, Cincinnati voice services, certain minor facilities alterations costing less than $150,000 per project, and background investigations, managed by the Office of Administration and Resource Management; the core financial and administrative systems, employee relocations, and budget formulation system managed by the Office of the Chief Financial Officer; and the Agency's continuity of operations site, managed by the Office of Land and Emergency Management. The 2017 amount reflects only base resources and may change during the year in accordance with programmatic needs.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

The existing fleet of cars, trucks, and buses is aging, contributing to climate change and putting our children's health at risk. To protect the health of the most vulnerable populations and reduce childhood exposure to harmful exhaust, the proposed 21st Century Clean Transportation Plan Investments will accelerate the transition to cleaner vehicle fleets. The Fund provides up to $300 million in FY 2017 to renew and increase funding for the Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program, which is set to expire in 2016. Priority will be given to accelerating Zero Emissions Bus fleets and charging networks that also support the grid through V2G technology.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Trust Funds

For necessary expenses to carry out the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), including sections 111(c)(3), (c)(5), (c)(6), and (e)(4) (42 U.S.C. 9611) [$1,088,769,000] $1,128,989,000, to remain available until expended, consisting of such sums as are available in the Trust Fund on September 30, [2015] 2016, as authorized by section 517(a) of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) and up to [$1,088,769,000] $1,128,989,000 as a payment from general revenues to the Hazardous Substance Superfund for purposes as authorized by section 517(b) of SARA: Provided, That funds appropriated under this heading may be allocated to other Federal agencies in accordance with section 111(a) of CERCLA: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading, [$9,939,000] $8,778,000 shall be paid to the "Office of Inspector General" appropriation to remain available until September 30, [2017] 2018, and [$18,850,000] $15,496,000 shall be paid to the "Science and Technology" appropriation to remain available until September 30, [2017] 2018. (Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016.)

Special and Trust Fund Receipts (in millions of dollars)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

This appropriation provides funds for the implementation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (CERCLA) including activities under the Working Capital Fund. This appropriation supports core EPA programs in four of EPA's five goals. Specifically in 2017, emphasis will be placed on the following:

Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development.—To preserve and restore land and to protect human health and the environment, EPA will reduce the risks posed by releases of harmful substances and protect against exposure to those substances by cleaning up and restoring contaminated sites to beneficial use. EPA will apply the most effective and scientifically sound methods to control the risks associated with the presence of harmful substances, improve response capabilities, and maximize the effectiveness of response and clean-up actions. EPA's clean-up and response activity at contaminated sites will address environmental concerns, such as the removal of contaminated soil and treatment of contaminated groundwater, in order to reduce human exposures to hazardous pollutants and provide long-term human health protection. EPA will ensure that all releases of harmful substances to the environment are appropriately addressed by responding to incidents and providing technical support. To effectively prepare for and respond to incidents of national significance, EPA will improve decontamination readiness and continue to support a nationwide environmental laboratory network. EPA will continue to provide EPA's remedial project managers and site managers in the EPA's regional offices, as well as community decision-makers with research that improves their ability to weigh alternatives, and make decisions on cleaning up contaminated sites. It will conduct research to improve methods and models and provide technical support to accelerate scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions for clean-up at complex contaminated sites in accordance with CERCLA. EPA will also work to maximize responsible parties' participation in site clean-ups and pursue greater recovery of EPA's clean-up costs.

Enforcing Environmental Laws.—EPA's Superfund Enforcement program protects communities by ensuring that responsible parties pay for and/or conduct clean-ups. The program uses an enforcement first approach that maximizes the participation of liable and viable parties in performing and paying for clean-ups in both the remedial and removal programs. To further carry out the responsibilities of CERCLA, EPA will allocate funds from its appropriation to Federal agency partners including to the Department of Justice (DOJ). DOJ supports EPA's Superfund Enforcement program through negotiations and judicial actions to compel Potentially Responsible Parties to clean up and through litigation to recover Trust Fund monies. EPA will investigate and refer for prosecution criminal and civil violations of CERCLA.

Enabling and Support Programs.—EPA's Enabling Support Programs (ESPs) provide centralized management services and support to the Agency's various environmental programs. The offices and the functions they perform within the Superfund appropriation are: the Offices of Administration and Resources Management (facilities infrastructure and operations, acquisition management, human resources management services, grant and interagency agreement management, and suspension and debarment); Environmental Information (exchange network, information security, and information technology/data management); the Chief Financial Officer (strategic planning, annual planning and budgeting, financial services, and financial management, analysis, and accountability); and General Counsel (alternative dispute resolution and legal advice). Because these centralized services provide support across EPA, resources for the ESPs are allocated across EPA's appropriations, goals, and objectives.

Status of Funds (in millions of dollars)

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For necessary expenses to carry out leaking underground storage tank cleanup activities authorized by subtitle I of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, [$91,941,000] $94,285,000, to remain available until expended, of which [$66,572,000] $66,426,000 shall be for carrying out leaking underground storage tank cleanup activities authorized by section 9003(h) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act; [$25,369,000] $27,859,000 shall be for carrying out the other provisions of the Solid Waste Disposal Act specified in section 9508(c) of the Internal Revenue Code: Provided, That the Administrator is authorized to use appropriations made available under this heading to implement section 9013 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act to provide financial assistance to federally recognized Indian tribes for the development and implementation of programs to manage underground storage tanks. (Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016.)

Special and Trust Fund Receipts (in millions of dollars)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund, authorized by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, as amended by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, and the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21, Public Law 112–141), and the Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act, Public Law 114–94) provides funds for preventing and responding to releases from underground storage tanks, including activities under the Working Capital Fund. The Trust Fund is financed by a 0.1 cent per gallon tax on motor fuels through September 30, 2022.

LUST funds are allocated to States through cooperative agreements to clean up sites posing the greatest threat to human health and the environment as authorized under Section 9003(h) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended, and also to implement the activities authorized by Title XV, Subtitle B of EPAct. Funds are also used for grants to non-State entities under Section 8001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended. Federally recognized Tribes receive grant funding under P.L. 105–276. EPA supports oversight, clean-up, and enforcement programs which are implemented by the States. LUST Trust Fund dollars can be used for State-led clean-ups and for State oversight of responsible party clean-ups. In addition, EPAct expanded the authorized activities for the underground storage tank program. This appropriation supports core Agency programs and two of EPA's five goals. Specifically in 2017, emphasis will be placed on the following:

Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development.—The LUST program promotes rapid and effective responses to releases from Federally regulated underground storage tanks containing petroleum by enhancing State, local, and Tribal enforcement and response capability. EPA's LUST program priorities include: increasing the efficiency of LUST clean-ups; addressing contaminants of concern; and promoting the continued use, reuse, and long-term management of LUST sites. EPA will help States and Tribes improve LUST clean-up performance by performing analyses and developing strategies to reduce the backlog of open releases, continuing to develop and promote the use of innovative tools such as multi-site and geographical clean-up approaches, providing guidance and technical support regarding clean-up approaches and technologies, and streamlining clean-up decisions and processes. This research will help communities characterize and remediate contaminated sites at an accelerated pace and lower cost while reducing human health and ecological impacts. EPA will also continue efforts to monitor the soundness of State clean-up funds. EPA's release prevention program priorities will assist States and Tribes to ensure continued compliance with the three year inspection requirement, implement the various release prevention provisions of EPAct such as operator training and delivery prohibition, enforce violations discovered during the inspections, and continue building tribal implementation capacity.

Enforcing Environmental Laws.—To protect the Nation's groundwater and drinking water from petroleum releases from Underground Storage Tanks (UST), this program provides compliance assistance tools, technical assistance and training to promote and enforce UST systems compliance and clean-ups.

Enabling and Support Programs.—Enabling and Support Programs provide the infrastructure of people, facilities, and systems necessary to operate the programs funded by the LUST appropriation. The offices and the functions they perform are: Administration and Resources Management (facilities infrastructure and operations, and acquisition management); and the Chief Financial Officer (strategic planning, annual planning and budgeting, financial services, financial management, analysis, and accountability).

Status of Funds (in millions of dollars)

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)