Statement by NSC Spokesperson Caitlin Hayden on Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif Honoring Lebanese Hezbollah Official

The United States condemns the decision taken by Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif Khonsari to place a wreath at the grave of  Imad Mugniyah, a former leader of Lebanese Hezbollah responsible for heinous acts of terrorism that killed hundreds of innocent people, including Americans.  The inhumane violence that Mugniyah perpetrated – and that Lebanese Hezbollah continues to perpetrate in the region with Iran's financial and material support -- has had profoundly destabilizing and deadly effects for Lebanon and the region.
 
The decision to commemorate an individual who has participated in such vicious acts, and whose organization continues to actively support terrorism worldwide, sends the wrong message and will only exacerbate tensions in the region.

Background Briefing by a Senior Administration Official on the Vice President's Trip to Israel

Aboard Air Force Two

1:48 A.M. IST

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  All right.  Good evening, guys.  By my count, it’s 1:48 in the morning.  We’ve been up for 36 hours straight, so I reserve the right to revise and extend any remarks I make and to demure on any questions that are too complicated for me to answer.  But let me take a minute to just walk through the day and then come on to the main event of the evening, which was a four-plus-hour session between the Vice President and the Prime Minister, both in a one-on-one session and with broader teams.

So the day began with the service at the Knesset, which all of you guys attended, where the Vice President had the opportunity to speak to the respects he was seeking to pay for Prime Minister Sharon personally and the tribute that he was seeking to pay to the U.S.-Israel relationship.

And it was important to both President Obama and to the Vice President that a very senior American official come to Israel at this time to underscore the importance of that relationship, and also to have a chance to reflect on the life of Ariel Sharon, especially as it was intertwined with the life of Israel over the last 50 years.

He then had an opportunity to sit with Prime Minister Netanyahu, President Peres, the speaker of the Knesset, and assorted staff members for an informal discussion about Sharon, the founding generation, the dynamics in the region, current events and the like.  It was very informal, over lunch.

We then went out to the ranch, where Prime Minister Sharon was buried.  And as you guys saw, he participated in the burial service, including laying a wreath on behalf of the United States at the service.  He had a chance to say hello along the way and speak briefly with Israeli leaders and politicians, as well as some of the Americans who were there – Malcolm Hoenlein, Abe Foxman (ph), and others who made the trip to see the service.

We then came back to Jerusalem and he had a meeting with President Peres, which focused on two subjects:  the Israel-Palestinian peace process and the larger events in the region as they’ve been unfolding in the past few months, but also since the advent of the Arab Spring in 2011.  And so they spoke in a larger group format and then they spoke one on one, and in the one-on-one session they also touched on Iran.

Then we went to the Prime Minister’s residence for a dinner, which began with a one-on-one meal between the Vice President and the Prime Minister, and that lasted for about two hours.  And then we spent about two hours with three members of each side’s team present.  Correction, it was four members on the Israeli side and three members on our side.  The subjects that were covered in the Vice President’s session with the Prime Minister were the peace process, Iran, the threat of jihadism across the region, the threat of terrorism to Israel from Hamas, Hezbollah, and other sources, specific regional events and their impact and import, including the situations in Iraq and Syria, Lebanon and Egypt.

And because the dinner was so wide-ranging and because the Prime Minister and the Vice President have such a longstanding relationship, it was intertwined with personal anecdotes, conversation about family, conversation about recent trips that each of them have taken, including the President’s trip to Asia, where the Prime Minister was genuinely interested in hearing about his impressions on China, North Korea, other subjects.

Q    On what trip to Asia?

MS. BARKOFF:  The Vice President’s trip.

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  On the peace process, the Vice President wasn’t there to negotiate.  Obviously Secretary Kerry is at a critical juncture in these negotiations, and there are important specific issues being worked between the parties with Secretary Kerry, with Martin Indyk, and the Vice President certainly didn’t want to get into the nitty-gritty of the negotiations.  He and the Prime Minister had much more of a strategic conversation about how the Prime Minister saw the future, both long-term future with a two-state solution and the immediate future in terms of how to get from here to a deal.

The Vice President conveyed the President’s and his very strong support for what Secretary Kerry is doing, and made clear that the United States places extremely high value on reaching an agreement that produces two states living side by side in peace and security, but also underscoring just how important Israel’s security requirements are to us and that we would be looking out for those in any final agreement.

With respect to Iran, the Vice President had the opportunity to update the Prime Minister on the impending implementation of the Joint Plan of Action, to discuss our ongoing efforts to ensure that the sanctions architecture remains intact, and to talk about what a comprehensive solution would look like and elicit the Prime Minister’s views on a comprehensive solution. 

The subject of Iran was not limited, of course, to the nuclear file.  They spoke about Iran’s actions in the region -- its destabilizing activities, its support for terror, as well as the important implications of the election of President Rouhani and the activities of other actors in the Iranian system, and how the United States and Israel need to cooperate together to confront the variety of threats posed by Iran in the region.

I think I’ll leave it at that in terms of the laydown, and open it up for questions.

Q    Can you give us a sense of whether Iran took up more of the time or whether the peace process took up more of the time?  And then, what did the -- what was the role of all the staff coming together afterwards?  If it wasn’t really like a negotiation or a substantive type of thing -- what was the staff trying to do when you all got together afterwards?

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  This is a fairly typical format for the Prime Minister where he likes to have -- and I shouldn’t just say the Prime Minister; it’s a typical format for the Prime Minister with all of the close colleagues and interlocutors like the Vice President.  He likes to have dinner where the two of them can have intensive personal conversation about substantive issues, about their lives, about their outlooks, about the state of play, about politics, about everything.  But then they also like to have conversations covering many of the same subjects but with the contributions of their close advisors and people who are experts on particular issues or people who have been very close to them.

But I don't want to characterize this in any way as a negotiation or as a linear trajectory through a four-hour conversation where they got to a point after two hours, having called people in to lead them to the next step.  It was more a mix of some one-on-one time where it could be Bibi Netanyahu and Joe Biden talking to one another, mano-o-mano, and then some time for a substantive, textured conversation among a variety of informed people on the same range of subjects.

Q    Did Iran take up more of the time or did the peace process take up more time?

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  I think it’s really hard to judge.  They both were covered in depth and the bulk of the four hours was devoted to those two subjects.

Q    I know he wasn’t there to negotiate, but was there any sort of development that we can report in terms of something new,  Netanyahu is less comfortable, Netanyahu is more comfortable, Netanyahu is nervous because of the January 20th partial -- I mean, was there anything new?

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  I would leave it to the Prime Minister -- recognizing it’s difficult for you to elicit his reaction sitting here -- to characterize his positions on both Iran and the process.  The purpose of this session was not to try to produce any particular reaction from the Prime Minister or move him to any particular position.  It was rather to, number one, come into to convey the fundamental strategic convergence between the United States and Israel on both the objective of a two-state solution and on the objective of preventing Iran from getting a nuclear weapon; second, to talk in specifics about where we are now and where we are going with respect to the Iranian nuclear negotiations; and third, to have a strategic conversation about how we can close the gaps and get to an end game on the peace process without in any way stepping into the middle of the negotiation that Secretary Kerry is ably carrying out.

So it’s better to think of this as a high-level strategic conversation that can help provide more context and texture and understanding for each side on these issues to inform the work that lies ahead.  And that immediate work will be carried forward by Secretary Kerry on the peace process, and then will be carried forward by experts on both sides on the Iranian nuclear program as we try to work with the Israelis on the elements of a comprehensive solution and also as we try to work with the Israelis in the Iran context on ensuring that we are enforcing and carrying forward the Joint Plan of Action as effectively as conceivably possible.  And getting their cooperation on that is important.

Q    Because now that they know that -- his discomfort with the interim deal as it has been developing since November, now does the Vice President feel that they have in any way eased his concerns?  Forget -- do you guys feel there was any easing of that?

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  I know it’s your job to ask that question.  It is my job to repeat that the Prime Minister has really got to speak for himself on this.  I just can't characterize his position on this.  I can characterize the conversation as candid, intensive, extensive, and very much in keeping with the way that the Vice President and the Prime Minister deal with one another -- forthright, honest, in good faith.  The two of them I think understand each other, understand where they're coming from, their perspectives and I think in that regard, it was a productive conversation.

But in terms of where the Prime Minister stands at the end of it that's for him to say.

Q    Did the Vice President go into this meeting with the intent of trying to ease his concerns?

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  His primary interest in the conversation was practical in two regards:  Number one, advance the conversation on the elements of the comprehensive solution, what it should look like, how we should approach the negotiations, how we and the Israelis look at a long-term resolution to the Iranian nuclear problem; and number two, to talk about specific implementation issues and how we can work together on those issues, including things like ensuring that the sanctions architecture remains in place.

Q    When President Obama was here a year ago, or not quite a year ago, with the Prime Minister, they famously went to a trailer on the tarmac and called Erdogan.  Were there any Biden-Netanyahu calls to foreign leaders, to Abu Mazen?  Did they call the President together today?

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  (Shakes head no.)

Q    So it was just the two of them, no other foreign leaders involved?
  
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  (Shakes head no.)  One more.  Three more.

Q    Sorry, can you, on the Israeli-Palestinian side of things --

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  That was one.  I’m just kidding. 

Q    Comma.  (Laughter.)  Comma.  We’re coming off of a period in which in which -- several days after the Israelis did announce some settlement expansion plans.  Did the Vice President speak to him about the U.S. opposition to this kind of activity, make clear in any way, receive any kind of response from the Prime Minister on the subject of settlements?

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  The Vice President has reiterated, as Secretary Kerry does every time he sees the Prime Minister, the U.S.’s position on settlements.  We don't think their announcements of new settlements, continuing settlement activity is constructive to bringing about a positive result in this negotiation. 

It’s not a central focus of the discussion, though, in that the substantive issues with respect to a final status agreement are really where the rubber is going to hit the road in terms of getting this resolved.

Q    -- the fact that the U.S. position is that it’s not constructive?  Is that what you said?  I couldn’t quite hear it.

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  Yes.  When I put it in those terms, it sounds like some formal diplomatic demarche.  That's not the way that the Vice President and the Prime Minister speak to one another.  But the Vice President made clear that from our perspective the best way to bring about a comprehensive solution to this is to get the focus squarely on these final status issues and find a way to resolve them as quickly as possible.

Q    Just to follow up on that, and the response of Netanyahu to that?

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  The issue of prisoner exchanges and settlements as they relate to the negotiations is very well trod ground at this point, six months into this period.  So there wasn’t anything new tonight in terms of either side’s views on that subject.  I think I’ll leave it at that.

Q    I wanted to ask about Congress’s role in the Iran talks and whether that was something that came up tonight.  To what extent is the administration concerned about the level of support, particularly in the Senate for the Menendez resolution?  And what role has that been playing in the development of the framework and the talks --

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  I’ll leave it to the congressional experts to speak about levels of support and vote counts and things like that.  Let me just reiterate what the President has said personally and what we’ve said repeatedly from the podium, which is that we don't believe that new sanctions at this time are helpful.  We’ve sent that message very clearly both publicly and privately.  And our goal is to convince the Congress to be a partner with us in ensuring the effective implementation of this deal, and then if it turns out that the Iranians either cheat or don't negotiate in good faith, we will want to work very closely with them to increase sanctions at the end of the six months, or during the six months if there’s noncompliance.

Q    -- talk about Congress tonight?  Did you talk about -- tonight?

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  The subject of the possibility of new sanctions came up.  It was not a substantial topic of conversation.

Q    He did not express his concerns that the sanctions regime is -- that cracks are forming, that they might be forming as a result of this?  That's his main point.

SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:  I’m pausing here because I don't like characterizing what the Prime Minister said and didn't say.  But I think it is safe to say that the issue of ensuring the continued enforcement of the sanctions architecture is an important priority for us.  It’s an important priority for Israel.  And it was the subject of conversation tonight.

MS. BARKOFF:  Okay, guys, I’m cutting it off.  That was a senior administration official, just to clarify on background what that means.

END

Remarks by President Obama and President Rajoy of Spain After Bilateral Meeting

Oval Office

3:17 P.M. EST

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Let me say it’s a great pleasure to welcome my friend, Prime Minister Rajoy, to the Oval Office.  We have had occasion to work together on a wide range of international issues, and obviously the cooperation reflects the incredible alliance and friendship between our countries that has lasted for decades.

The Prime Minister came into power during a very challenging time in Spain.  Obviously, the economy had undergone some wrenching difficulties that existed throughout Europe and the eurozone, and I congratulated the Prime Minister on the progress that’s been made in stabilizing the economy, moving into growth, reducing the deficit, and being able to return to the financial markets in a way that reflects sound leadership.

We also, obviously, focused on the future, and even as Spain has stabilized, there are still enormous challenges that lie ahead with respect to bringing down unemployment and increasing growth.  And that’s not unique to Spain, that’s true throughout Europe and, frankly, that’s true here in the United States and around the world.  And so we pledge to continue to cooperate closely to promote strategies for growth and job creation.  One of those strategies is to put together a transatlantic trade agreement.  We both agreed that there is enormous potential for increasing trade and growth between two of the largest economic actors in the world, but it will require intensive work and serious compromise on all sides, and the Prime Minister and I agreed that it’s well worth the effort.

On the security front, we discussed a wide range of challenges.  I remarked that I think security cooperation between the United States and Spain has never been stronger.  We thanked the Prime Minister and his government as well as the opposition in Spain for the support they have for our work together, including hosting some of our military operations and facilities, which allow us I think to protect our embassies and to deal with issues of counterterrorism.  And we pledged to continue to try to improve and deepen what is already a very strong defense relationship.

Finally, we spoke about a wide range of international issues, including our concerns about terrorism, the situation in Syria, how that might impact security in Spain, Europe, and the United States, and we committed to working closely together on this issues, including helping countries like Libya stabilize so that they can do right by their people but also can be effective partners with us.  And we discussed the enormous opportunities that exist in places like Latin America where we’ve seen continued solidification of democratic trends, free market trends, and we agree that the United States and Spain can be effective partners on the international stage in moving towards a more prosperous, more peaceful, and more stable world.

On that subject, I do want to just comment on one issue that was on the news this weekend.  We finalized an interim agreement with Iran -- the P5-plus-1, which includes the United States -- entered into an agreement with Iran that allows us to have the time and space to negotiate the more comprehensive deal that could solve diplomatically what has been the long-running concern around Iran’s nuclear program.

I just want to emphasize that this interim agreement is the result of concerted international action -- including unprecedented sanctions -- that brought Iran to the table and allows us now to halt their program as we enter into intensive discussions around what would be a sustainable, comprehensive, long-term deal.  It’s going to be difficult, it’s going to be challenging, but ultimately this is how diplomacy should work. 

If Iran is willing to walk through the door of opportunity that’s presented to them, then I have no doubt that it can open up extraordinary opportunities for Iran and their people.  If they fail to walk through this door of opportunity, then we are in position to reverse any interim agreement and put in place additional pressure to make sure that Iran does not obtain a nuclear weapon. 

My preference is for peace and diplomacy, and this is one of the reasons why I’ve sent a message to Congress that now is not the time for us to impose new sanctions; now is the time for us to allow the diplomats and technical experts to do their work.  We will be able to monitor and verify whether or not the interim agreement is being followed through on, and if it is not, we’ll be in a strong position to respond.  But what we want to do is give diplomacy a chance and give peace a chance, and I am confident that I speak not just for myself but for our P5-plus-1 partners that they think this is an opportunity that we should not miss.

But on this and a wide range of efforts around the world, we’re fortunate to have such an outstanding partner as Spain and Prime Minister Rajoy.  We’re very grateful for his visit.  We’re grateful for the friendship between Spain and the United States.  I should note that the World Cup is coming up.  Spain is the defending titleholder, but the United States is rapidly improving -- (laughter) -- and so perhaps if the Prime Minister has some advice for us in terms of how we can win a title at some point, it would be most welcoming. 

But thank you so much for the visit.

PRESIDENT RAJOY:  (As interpreted.)  Good afternoon.  I will be giving you that advice so that you can come in second at the World Cup, and I’m sure you will understand why.  (Laughter.) 

And, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending.  I would like to start by thanking the President of the United States, who has invited me in my capacity as President of the Government of Spain to discuss different issues of common interest to the United States and to Spain.

There are a lot of things that unite us -- democracy, freedom, human rights, the quest for progress, and also that we’re Hispanic and 17 percent of the U.S. population is also Hispanic.  And we have noted here that our relations are excellent.

President Obama has summed up very well the issues that we have talked about, so I’m going to be extremely brief and I’m going to give you my vision on four points.  First of all, the economy -- the eurozone economy and the Spanish economy.  I talked to the President about the fact that a little more than a year ago, we would talk on the phone about the situation.  Back then, there were doubts on the existence of the euro.  It was difficult for countries in the eurozone to fund themselves because -- for some countries -- because the risk premium was very high.  There was talk about some countries needing to be bailed out, among them Spain.  Growth was low.  Unemployment was high and there were competitiveness problems.

But today the situation is completely different.  There are no longer doubts on the existence of the euro.  There is no longer talk about a bailout.  Risk premiums are down, and some eurozone countries are starting to grow and we’re starting to see some sort of solution to the problem of unemployment.

We also talked with the U.S. President on reforms that have been undertaken in Spain over the past two years, which were essential for recovery to take place.  We said that these reforms required a huge effort on the part of citizens, and also that the EU has taken steps in the right direction.  So we now have a more optimistic vision of the situation in Spain although a lot remains to be done still. 

After 11 straight quarters of negative growth, we saw growth during the third quarter of 2013 with 0.1 percent and we have the latest figures from today from the Minister of the Economy.  During the fourth quarter, the economy improved by 0.3 percent.  Unemployment, however, remains the main problem.  But the latest figures both on unemployment and on Social Security enrollment are very encouraging.  Next year, Spain will grow and jobs will be created, but we will still have to work with determination, perseverance, and courage.  And I’m sure that the vast majority of Spaniards understand that this effort was necessary and it will have an impact on the future.

And I’m going to be very brief on my second point.  I would like to mention the bilateral relations -- the economic bilateral relations between the United States and Spain.  The United States is the first investor in Spain, and Spain also invests heavily in the United States, and it’s the third country Spain invests in.  So now is an excellent time for U.S. investors to see the potential that Spain offers.

We’ve also talked about trade between our two countries; it has increased.  Spain’s exports have increased.  And I would like to mention the free trade agreement that is currently being negotiated between the United States and the European Union.  It’s extremely important.  Both our territories make up 50 percent of GDP.  It has probably increased the largest trade area, and it can set trade rules for the future.  So I’d like to say that Spain is going to fully support that trade agreement between the United States and the European Union.

Now I would like to make also a comment on our security and defense relations.  We are going through very good times, and I’m sure that will continue to be the case.  On foreign policy, I think that we see things in the same way -- what’s happening in North Africa and in the Middle East -- and we can cooperate with the international bodies where these issues were dealt with in a quick and intelligent way.

And lastly, I would like to speak about Latin America.  It’s very good for us.  It’s a continent where we’re seeing more democracy, more freedoms, more human rights, and progress although still a lot remains to be done.  For us, it will continue to be a foreign policy priority – a lot of Latin Americans go to Spain, and vice versa.  And we will work together to help our brothers there.

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  We have time for a couple questions. 

Stephen.

Q    Thank you, Mr. President.  Can I ask you to respond to Secretary Gates’s statement where by the end of 2011 you had lost faith in the Afghan strategy and its commander?  And are you at all irked that this book came out during your presidency while American troops are still at war?  And if I may ask the Prime Minister -- does Spain remain concerned about NSA operations in your country?

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Secretary Gates did an outstanding job for me as Secretary of Defense.  As he notes, he and I and the rest of my national security team came up with a strategy for Afghanistan that was the right strategy and we are continuing to execute.  And I think that what’s important is that we got the policy right, but that this is hard and it always has been.  Whenever you’ve got men and women that you are sending into harm’s way after having already made enormous investments of blood and treasure in another country, then part of your job as Commander-in-Chief is to sweat the details on it and to recognize that there’s enormous sacrifices that are being made, and you’re constantly asking yourselves questions about how you can improve the strategy.

The good news is, is that because of that strategy that we came up with, by the end of this year we will have completed combat operations in Afghanistan.  We are in a position to continue to assist the Afghan people in making sure that they have a stable country that is working on behalf of the Afghan people and that it is a good partner with us.

But war is never easy, and I think that all of us who have been involved in that process understand that.  But I want to emphasize that during his tenure here, Secretary Gates was an outstanding Secretary of Defense, a good friend of mine, and I’ll always be grateful for his service.

One last thing I want to say about this though, Steve, just as I have continued to have faith in our mission, most importantly I’ve had unwavering confidence in our troops and their performance in some of the most difficult situations imaginable.  That job is not yet done.  And I do think it’s important for Americans to recognize that we still have young men and women in harm’s way, along with coalition partners who are continuing to make sacrifices, and we need to see this job all the way through.  And that is going to be the case through the end of this year, and we’re going to continue to have significant interest in the region for years to come.

PRESIDENT RAJOY:  (As interpreted.)  Well, regarding the question of the NSA and whether we’re concerned by it, the government has had full contact with the U.S. diplomatic representation in Spain, and also at other levels, and have deemed that the explanations were satisfactory.

Q    (In Spanish.)

PRESIDENT RAJOY:  (As interpreted.)  Actually, that was two questions in one.  First, Spain -- unemployment is still the most serious of problems, as it is also for other European countries.  And the goal of my policy over the last two years has been to lay the foundations to resolve the problem of unemployment.  If we hadn’t used a policy of fiscal consolidation and structural reform, if we hadn’t reformed our financial sector and brought our public accounts back to health, it would have been impossible to create jobs.  We first have to do that to create jobs.

And the figures that we have, although they’re not satisfactory, but they are for a change, it’s the best figure over the past five or six years.  At the end of 2013, there were fewer people unemployed than there were at the end of 2012.  And I’m sure that in 2014, jobs will be created in Spain and in the rest of the EU as well.

Now, the question on recession, whether it’s an obstacle to growth, well, let me be frank:  Political instability doesn’t help.  Division doesn’t help.  Uncertainty doesn’t help.  But that’s something that we all will overcome, because it will be very bad for everyone if something like that took place, especially for the smallest of the unions.  But I’m sure that we are going to act with common sense, because in today’s world, bigger is better -- bigger is better for having better public services, for being able to pay debts, and so on.  And smaller is worse.

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Well, I think Mariano captured the challenges that we’ve all faced in the wake of the original crisis back in 2007, 2008.  The first step is to stabilize the economy, and that means making sure that the banking sectors, the financial systems are stable.  And different countries were in different positions.  For Spain, that was a greater challenge to settle down the markets, to make sure that they had access to those markets.  And so the steps that had been taken for structural reform and fiscal consolidation were necessary predicates for growth.

And, by the way, those are never the most politically popular steps to take, but they’re often necessary.  I think we also agree that at this stage, the most important thing is growth and to bring down an unemployment rate that is too high around the world [and] has especially hit countries like Spain hard.

And my view is, is that Europe as a whole has the ability to grow faster.  For countries that are still engaged in necessary fiscal consolidation, they may not be able to drive demand in Europe, but there are also surplus countries that can be doing more to increase demand the continent as a whole.  And when you combine those with the structural reforms that are taking place, as well as potential trade agreements that can expand markets for businesses small and large on either side of the Atlantic, then you have a potential recipe for increased growth and a virtuous cycle that can lead ultimately to greater prosperity, lower unemployment, higher wages.  And I think that’s the objective of any government’s economic policies, is how does it translate into improved living standards and improved opportunities for ordinary people.  I know that’s the goal of the President of Spain, and that’s my goal as the President of the United States, and hopefully we can work together to accomplish that. 

I do think that the work that’s been on strengthening the banking union and banking regulations, financial sector regulations across the continent can also make significant contribution not just in giving markets assurance, but also continuing to guard against some future vulnerabilities that may arise in the eurozone area.  And so I want to continue to encourage the work that’s been done on that front.

But we feel much more optimistic about Europe’s prospects this year than we were last year, and we’re very optimistic about the prospects for Spain not just next year, but in the years to come.

Thank you very much, everybody.

END 
3:57 P.M. EST