The White House

Office of the First Lady

For Immediate Release
November 24, 2009

Remarks by the First Lady at Indian State Dinner Press Preview

State Dining Room

Click here to download PDF to view the Press Preview

2:00 P.M. EST

MRS. OBAMA:  Thank you.  Welcome, everyone.  How are you all doing?  It's good to see you.

Well, as Desiree mentioned, this is a very exciting time here at the White House and we are just excited to welcome all of you.  We've got a big day going on -- this is our first official state visit of the Obama administration.  It's very exciting for us.

And today the President is welcoming and working with India's Prime Minister Singh.  And this evening, tonight the President and I are going to be hosting our first state dinner -- and we're hosting for the Prime Minister and his wife, Mrs. Kaur, who we met earlier today.

So one of the things we thought -- and I don't know about all of you -- is whether you wonder, what are these state dinners all about and these state visits?  Because when I was your age I didn't know what they were doing.  So we thought it would be fun to take a little time to expose you to what's going to happen today and this evening.  So that's why you are all here today and we're really excited to have you.

These state visits and dinners are a really important part of our nation's diplomacy.  Throughout history, they've given U.S. presidents -- and the American people -- the opportunity to make important milestones in foreign relations.  So these dinners and events are really critical to what we do internationally.  And they've helped build stronger ties with nations as well as people around the world.  That's what President Obama and Prime Minister Singh are doing today.

And I know that all of us on our team here at the West Wing and the East Wing, we wish that we could include many, many more people in today's events and this evening's events because it's not often that you get to do this.  But even with a house like the White House, there's only so many people that we can invite.  So one of the ways that First Ladies in the past have tried to include the broader public in on what's going on is by holding these types of events where we invite the press to share some of the incredible behind-the-scenes work that goes into planning and pulling off this amazing day.

But today we're also doing something a little different by having you all here.  As our mentees know, one of the things we've talked about that the President and I have tried to do is really open up this White House to our neighbors here in Washington, D.C., especially to local students and to children in our community.  Because what we know is that even though many of you guys live just a few minutes, maybe a little bit away from here -- but you're close -- these events probably seem like they're miles and miles away, like they're just untouchable. 

So that's why we really tried to think about ways to include kids in the community all throughout today's event.  At the opening ceremonies today we invited about 50 students from local schools to attend the welcoming event.  And that's why we're so happy to have you guys here with us today.  And for those of you who don't know, these girls are a part of our young women who participate in the White House Leadership and Mentoring Program.  And we're really thrilled to have you guys here, because this is your White House and we want you to be a part of what we do here.

So, how do we get this stuff done?  The President and I are going to host this really neat dinner outside in the tent.  But we describe it, it's sort of like a swan, where we're kind of calm and serene above water -- but we're paddling like mad, going crazy underneath, trying to look smooth.  But there's a lot of work that goes into making this happen and we have a lot of people who are helping to put it together.  And it takes everyone at the White House and the State Department and the Military Office who've worked so hard to put all of the events together today -- the guest list, the invitations, the place settings that you see here, you've got to figure out who sits where -- all that fun stuff.

It takes all the folks in the kitchen -- we have our incredible White House Chef Cris Comerford -- who some of you guy met -- and the rest of our kitchen staff.  And tonight, we're going to include a guest chef tonight, a gentleman by the name of Marcus Samuellson -- and he's one of the finest chefs in the country, who is going to cook the dinner this evening.  Cris, Marcus and our kitchen staff are working on a wonderful menu tonight that you'll be able to share in a little bit.  It's going to showcase the best of American cooking.  It's going to include the freshest ingredients from area farmers and purveyors.  And because of all of the hard work of some other kids in the community, we've got this wonderful White House kitchen garden out in the South Lawn and we're going to use some of the herbs from that garden in tonight's dinner as well.

But there's also more to the dinner than just the food, even though that's going to be exciting.  Dinners like these also need great entertainment.  So who do we have tonight?  We've got someone you guys probably know a lot about:  Oscar winner Jennifer Hudson is going to sing tonight -- yay!  But also have A.R. Rahman.  He's also an Oscar winner and he helped create some of the music for the film "Slumdog Millionaire."  I don't know if you guys got to see that movie -- incredible movie.  We're also going to have Grammy-nominated jazz vocalist Kurt Elling, who's a Chicago hometown guy and we're pleased to have him.  And we're also going to have the National Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Marvin Hamlisch, who's one of the greatest composers in this country.

So it's going to be an incredible night for a lot of our guests.  And in just a few minutes, you're going to hear a little bit more about the whole process of state visits and dinners from White House Historian, Bill Allman.  He's going to give you a little bit of the background to how these things have worked in the past.  And you're also going to hear about the importance of protocol from Tanya Turner, who is a protocol officer from the State Department.  And protocol is critical -- protocol, how you stand, how you sit, who walks where -- all of that is really important.  So Tanya is going to share with us how all that works and how we think about it.

But before I turn it over to them, I just want to take a few moments to share with everyone here also why today means so much to me, personally.

As you've seen from this year, I have been on the other side of these visits and dinners -- as a guest in many countries.  Since becoming First Lady, I've had the opportunity to visit eight countries with my husband, the President.  And in each and every country, during each and every visit, I have been moved by the warmth and gracious hospitality that our hosts and the citizens of the countries that we visited have extended to the President and to me.

It means a great deal when you're visiting and your hosts make you feel like you're at home, like they're excited to see you.  It means the world.

Each visit has also been unique and profound in its own way.  It's not just the pomp and circumstances and the lights and the cameras and the fancy dresses.  But when we've gone to other countries we've done some incredible things.  We've seen the Jewish Quarter in Prague; we visited the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican; we've been to the Coliseum in Rome; and the American Cemetery on the beaches of Normandy in France, where the world comes to honor the brave soldiers who died there.

These places are more than just monuments to history, truly.  They compel us to see the world through a broader lens -- not just from your own backyard or your school or your neighborhood -- but they teach us to look at the world broadly and to look at our place in it in a different way; to respect and admire each other's culture and traditions in a very different way; and to honor all the values and the interests we have in common across the world. 

You see this not in the pomp and circumstances, but in the people that you meet.  We've met tons of incredible people over the course of our trips:  the children, and the nuns who care for them, at a beautiful orphanage that I visited in Russia; young girls, girls just like many of you, that I got to spend some time with in London at the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson School, it was an amazing day; the nurses in the maternal health clinic in Ghana, in Africa, that we got to see.

See, all these people -- you know, the children, these caretakers, the girls, their teachers, these nurses and mothers that you've seen, that we met -- what you learn is that they all want the same things as you do, as we do.  Folks around the world, they want to live in peace; they want to pursue their dreams just like you guys do -- and they have big, huge dreams just like you; and they hope for a brighter future for the next generation, just like we hope for you.  Doesn’t matter where you're from -- these dreams are the same.

So what we figure out from these visits is that all across the world -- non matter what our religions or races are -- that we are all building that future together.  And building that future is not just the job of any one country alone.  No one country can do it by themselves.   It's the responsibility of all our countries all over the world to work together.  And that's why the President has worked so hard to begin what he's called a new era in our relations with the world and other countries.  He's worked to strengthen diplomacy.  He's worked to renew old alliances, so that we're talking differently with countries and people that we haven't talked to before.  He's building new partnerships -- and these partnerships he hopes will be based on mutual trust and respect.

But one of the things that the President has said is that this new era of engagement can't just be between governments -- you know, it's not just about the presidents and prime ministers getting along.  This new era of engagement also has to be between the people -- the diplomats, the business leaders, the scientists, the health care workers.  And yes, the teachers and the students.  Young people just like you are a part of building that future and that engagement, the ability to exchange with one another as young people as you are is critical.

And that's why the President, when he goes to another country he makes it a point to visit and to speak with students all around the world -- whether he was in Europe or Cairo or China -- he always reaches out to young people.  And we need to expand that type of educational exchange, so that students like all of you here have the opportunity to experience and learn from other cultures -- and to share your own culture, however unique and different, with other parts of the world.

Deepening these ties is one of the things that the President and the Prime Minister are working on today, one of the reasons for the trip and the state dinner is for these leaders to work together -- whether it's along the lines of working on the economy or climate change or global health -- they know that young people like you, students, our future leaders are among America's greatest ambassadors and India's greatest ambassadors as well.  In fact, India sends more students to study in this country than any other country -- this year alone more than 100,000 students from India came here to America to study somewhere.

So by doing that they learn from us, and we learn from them in a very fundamental way.  And as a result of those interactions, we're all the richer for it.  And after today's visit, we'll hopefully expand these exchanges even more.  And who knows, maybe one of you all sitting at this table, one of our little mentees, will be living and studying somewhere in India -- maybe New Delhi or Mumbai or Bangalore.  Just imagine that, start thinking about your future in that way.  This visit at this table is the beginning of that for all of you.  Because, again, governments alone can't build the future that we want for the world.  That's the job for each and every one of us.

So that's one of the lessons for today.  It's our job -- and that's one of the lessons of the relationship between the United States and India.

Back when the President was a senator, he kept a picture of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of India, in his office.  And it was before he was a senator, he was always a big supporter and admirer of Gandhi, because Gandhi inspired so many people -- in India and all around the world -- with his example of dignity and tolerance and peace.  And with a simple call, Gandhi would say:  To be the change we wish to see in the world -- we are that change.  We are that change.

So again, today is a celebration of the great ties between the world's two largest democracies -- that's the United States and that's India.  But it's also an opportunity to deepen those ties -- and a reminder to be the change that each of us seeks -- whether that's in your home or in your school or in your community or in your country, you are all the change that we need.

So I'll stop lecturing and I will now turn it over to Bill and to Tanya, who will talk a bit more about the history and protocol.  And then we get to test out some of the food.

So again, we are proud to see you, happy to see you.  We're going to see you again in December, because we're going to do some more fun stuff.  I know we have three new mentees here.  Can you guys, the new mentees, raise your hands?  I see some new faces.  Welcome.  It's good to have you.  We're going to have a lot of fun.  Just ignore them, pretend that they're not here.  (Laughter.)  And I'll turn it over to Bill.  Thank you guys, so much.

END
2:15 P.M. EST

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release
November 24, 2009

Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Singh of India in Joint Press Conference

East Room

12:04 P.M. EST

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Please be seated.  Hello, everybody.  Namaste.  I am very pleased to welcome Prime Minister Singh to the White House on this, the first official visit of my presidency.  As I said earlier, this reflects our admiration for the Prime Minister's leadership, the deep bonds between the peoples of the United States and India, and the historic opportunity we have to strengthen and broaden the partnership between our nations.

India today is a rising and responsible global power.  In Asia, Indian leadership is expanding prosperity and the security across the region.  And the United States welcomes and encourages India's leadership role in helping to shape the rise of a stable, peaceful, and prosperous Asia. 

Beyond Asia, as the world's largest multiethnic democracy, as one of the world's fastest-growing economies, and as a member of the G20, India will play a pivotal role in meeting the major challenges we face today.  And this includes my top economic priority, creating good jobs with good wages for the American people. 

So I believe that the relationship between the United States and India will be one of the defining partnerships of the 21st century, and this visit underscores the strengthening of that partnership, which I hope will continue throughout my presidency. That's why I've made it a priority to broaden the cooperation between our nations.

My administration's commitment to India can be seen in our new strategic dialogue, which addresses the full range of challenges and opportunities before us.  And I'm pleased that we're joined today by the co-chairs of our dialogue -- Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Foreign Minister Krishna.

And our commitment to India can be seen in my personal partnership with Prime Minister Singh.  We've worked together on economic matters at our G20 summits in London and Pittsburgh, as well as L'Aquila.  I consider him a wise leader who has helped unleash India's extraordinary economic growth.  He is a man of honesty and integrity.  I respect him and I trust him, and I have happily accepted his gracious invitation to visit India next year.

Now, this spirit of friendship infuses our very productive discussions today and is the reason we've made so much progress in recent years.  We agreed to strengthen the economic recovery and expand trade and investment so we can create jobs for both our peoples -- Americans and Indians. 

Indian investment in America is creating and sustaining jobs across the United States.  The United States is India's largest trading and investment partner.  There is significant balance in our trading relationships that I think is very important and reflective of the framework that we put forward at the G20.  And to sustain this momentum we're creating new initiatives to promote trade, investment and technology cooperation, especially among our small and medium-sized businesses that create most of the jobs here in the United States.

I reaffirmed to the Prime Minister my administration's commitment to fully implement the U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement, which will increase American exports and create jobs in both countries. 

We agreed to move forward with our commitments at the G20 summit in Pittsburgh to pursue balanced growth while ensuring that emerging economies like India have a greater voice in shaping the international financial architecture.

We've made progress in confronting climate change.  I commended the Prime Minister for India's leadership in areas like green buildings and energy efficiency, and we agreed to a series of important new efforts:  a clean energy initiative that will create jobs and improve people's access to cleaner, more affordable energy; a green partnership to reduce poverty through sustainable and equitable development; and an historic effort to phase out subsidies for fossil fuels.

With just two weeks until the beginning of Copenhagen, it's also essential that all countries do what is necessary to reach a strong operational agreement that will confront the threat of climate change while serving as a stepping-stone to a legally binding treaty. 

And to that end, Prime Minister Singh and I made important progress today.  We reaffirmed that an agreement in Copenhagen should be comprehensive and cover all the issues under negotiation.  We resolved to take significant national mitigation actions that will strengthen the world's ability to combat climate change.  We agreed to stand by these commitments with full transparency through appropriate processes as to their implementation.  All this builds on the progress that we made in Beijing, and it takes us one step closer to a successful outcome in Copenhagen.

We also agreed to deepen our cooperation against transnational threats.  The American people join our Indian friends in remembering the horrific attacks in Mumbai one year ago this week.  To prevent future attacks, we agreed that our law enforcement and intelligence agencies will work even closer, including sharing more information.  We discussed my review of our policy in Afghanistan, and I thanked Prime Minister Singh for India's substantial contributions to the Afghan people.

I welcomed the Prime Minister's support for the non-proliferation agenda that I laid out in Prague, and I look forward to India's participation in our nuclear summit -- nuclear security summit next year, as well as India's participation as a full partner in our shared vision of a world without nuclear weapons.

Now, part of that vision is working together to ensure that all nations, including Iran and South -- North Korea, live up to their international obligations.  We agreed to expand the educational exchanges that will fuel our knowledge-based economies.  We're dramatically expanding the Fulbright-Nehru program that brings so many of our students and scholars together, especially in science and technology.  And we are increasing ties and exchanges between our universities and community colleges as part of a new Obama-Singh -- or Singh-Obama --(laughter) -- 21st Century Knowledge Initiative.  We think it's appropriately named.

To advance our historic food security initiative, American and Indian researchers will collaborate to improve agricultural output and reduce hunger -- not only in India, where enormous strides have been made, but around the world -- and India has much to teach the developing world in terms of achieving food sufficiency.

And our Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will partner with their Indian counterparts to create a new disease detection center in India to combat infectious diseases and promote global health.

This is the concrete progress made today across a whole range of issues to create jobs, opportunity and security for our people.  As a result, I believe the relationship between our two countries has never been stronger -- a reminder that it will be one of the defining partnerships of the 21st century.

We look forward to celebrating our partnership tonight, as Michelle and I host the Prime Minister and Mrs. Kaur at the first state dinner of my presidency.  It will be another opportunity to convey to the Prime Minister and the people of India, as India assumes its rightful place as a global leader in this century, that you will have no better friend and partner than the United States of America.

Mr. Prime Minister, thank you so much for your presence here today.  The floor is yours.

PRIME MINISTER SINGH:  Mr. President, distinguished ladies and gentlemen of the media.  I thank from the core of my heart President Obama for his very generous hospitality and for his very warm sentiments towards India -- and to me, in particular.  I am honored to be here today in this great country at the invitation of His Excellency, the President. 

When India and the United States meet, it is a moment to celebrate the values of democracy, pluralism, liberty, and freedom.  Today we have done that and much more.

In our discussions today, we reaffirmed the importance of our relationship and decided on future steps to enhance our strategic partnership.  We have agreed to further intensify our trade, investment, and economic cooperation in a way that creates jobs and prosperity in both our two countries and stimulates global economic recovery.

We admire the leadership that President Obama has provided to stimulate and guide the G20 process that is now fully in place.  We have decided to give a fresh impetus to collaboration in the fields of education, agriculture, and health.  We will deepen our ongoing cooperation in frontier areas of science and technology, nuclear power, and space.  This will open new opportunities for our universities and laboratories, and create human capital to meet the global needs of the future.

We had a very constructive exchange of views on strategic issues.  Our defense cooperation is progressing well.  We agreed on the early and full implementation of our Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement.  Our strategic partnership should facilitate transfer of high technologies to India.  The lifting of U.S. export controls on high technology exports to India will open vast opportunities for giant research and development efforts.  It will enable U.S. industry to benefit from the rapid economic and technological transformation that is now underway in our country.

In a few weeks from now, the meeting of the conference of parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will take place in Copenhagen.  Both President Obama and I have agreed on the need for a substantive and comprehensive outcome, which would cover mitigation, adaptation, finance, and technology.  We reaffirmed our intention to work to this end bilaterally and with all other countries. 

We welcome the President's commitment to a major program for promotion of renewable energy, and I drew his attention to India's own ambitious national action plan on climate change, which has eight national missions covering both mitigation and adaptation. 

Just as we partnered each other in the shaping of the knowledge economy, we have the opportunity today to become partners in developing the green economy of the future.  I underlined India's desire to benefit from clean and energy-efficient technologies from the United States.  Our partnership will contribute to global efforts to combat climate change and achieve energy security.

We had a detailed discussion on important regional and global issues.  We agreed that the Indo-U.S. partnership was important for addressing the challenges of an increasingly interdependent world that we live in.  The global economic crisis has brought home the fact that our prosperity is interlinked. 

Our dialogue covered the need to have an open and inclusive architecture in the Asia Pacific regions.  It is important for the international community to sustain its engagement in Afghanistan, to help its emergence as a modern state.

The focus -- the forces of terrorism in our region pose a grave threat to the entire civilized world and have to be defeated.  President Obama and I have decided to strengthen our cooperation in the area of counterterrorism.

India welcomes the renewed international interest in nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation.  We have been a consistent advocate of a world free of nuclear weapons.  We will work with the United States and other countries for the success of the nuclear security summit, which President Obama is hosting next April.

In our discussions today, there was a meeting of minds on the future direction of our relations.  I was deeply impressed by President Obama's strong commitment to the India-U.S. strategic partnership and by the breadth of his vision for global peace and prosperity.

I have invited President Obama to visit India.  A very warm welcome awaits him, his gracious wife and his two daughters. 

I thank you.

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Thank you very much. 

We're going to take one question each, one from an American journalist and one from an Indian journalist.  And I'm going to call on Mark Knoller.  Where's Mark?  There you are.  Good to see you, Mark.

Q    Good to see you, sir.  Mr. President, I suspect you don't want my colleagues and I to rely on leaks until next week, so I'd like to ask you about --

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Why stop now?  (Laughter.)

Q    Well, perhaps you'd like to help us set a new stage in our relationship by telling us where you stand on your decision on Afghanistan.  You had your -- what we were told was your final meeting last evening.  Can you tell us how many more troops you'll be sending to Afghanistan, how you'll be paying for them, and whether you'll be announcing a timetable and/or exit strategy for them?

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Mark, I will be making an announcement to the American people about how we intend to move forward.  I will be doing so shortly. 

I think that the review that we've gone through has been comprehensive and extremely useful, and has brought together my key military advisors, but also civilian advisors.  I can tell you, as I've said before, that it is in our strategic interest, in our national security interest to make sure that al Qaeda and its extremist allies cannot operate effectively in those areas.  We are going to dismantle and degrade their capabilities and ultimately dismantle and destroy their networks.  And Afghanistan's stability is important to that process.

I've also indicated that after eight years -- some of those years in which we did not have, I think, either the resources or the strategy to get the job done -- it is my intention to finish the job.  And I feel very confident that when the American people hear a clear rationale for what we're doing there and how we intend to achieve our goals that they will be supportive.

Now, I think it's worth mentioning since I'm with the Prime Minister of India that this important not just to the United States, but it's important to the world, and that the whole world I think has a core security interest in making sure that the kind of extremism and violence that you've seen emanating from this region is tackled, confronted in a serious way.

Now, we have to do it as part of a broader international community.  And so one of the things I'm going to be discussing is the obligations of our international partners in this process. It's going to be very important to recognize that the Afghan people ultimately are going to have to provide for their own security.  And so we'll be discussing that process whereby Afghan security forces are properly trained and equipped to do the job. And it's going to be important to recognize that in order for us to succeed there you've got to have a comprehensive strategy that includes civilian and diplomatic efforts.

So I think that's a sufficient preview to last until after Thanksgiving, Mark. 

Q    Tuesday night, sir?

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  After Thanksgiving.  (Laughter.)  And I'm sure that at that point, if there are further questions, that we'll be answering them to the satisfaction not just of you, but to the satisfaction of the American people. 

PRIME MINISTER SINGH:  Ms. Smita Prakash. 

Q    My question to you:  Would you call India and the U.S. as natural allies, especially in the sphere of combating the terrorism in our region?  Because there is a perception in India that the military aid that you give Pakistan is misused against India, and it is really the epicenter of terrorism.  Did this issue come up in your discussions with the Prime Minister, and would you be pressurizing Pakistan to get its act in order?  And to the Prime Minister, I'd like to ask when is the nuclear deal really going to go on the road?

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Well, first of all, I think that the United States and India are natural allies not just around counterterrorism issues, but on a whole host of issues.  As we discussed earlier, we're the world's two largest democracies.  We have a range of shared values and ideals.  We're both entrepreneurial societies.  We're both multiethnic societies.  We are societies that believe in human rights and core freedoms that are enshrined in our founding documents. 

And one of the things that I think makes us such strong allies is the people-to-people contact.  It's one thing for leaders to have exchanges like this one, and that's very important, obviously.  But the incredible contributions that Indian Americans have made to the growth of our country and the degree to which they are woven into the very fabric of our society, the fact that very few Indians don't have some family member somewhere who has a connection to the United States -- that kind of exchange strengthens and deepens the bonds between our two countries in a profound way.

Now, with respect to security issues in the region, the Prime Minister and I -- Prime Minister Singh and I had extensive discussions about that.  I think we both recognize that our core goal is to achieve peace and security for all peoples in the region, not just one country or the other.  And one of the things I admire most about Prime Minister Singh is that I think at his core he is a man of peace.

Obviously there are historic conflicts between India and Pakistan.  It is not the place of the United States to try to, from the outside, resolve all those conflicts.  On the other hand, we want to be encouraging of ways in which both India and Pakistan can feel secure, and focus on the development of their own countries and their own people.

With respect to the relationship between the United States and Pakistan's military, I think that there have probably been times in the past in which we were so single-mindedly focused just on military assistance in Pakistan that we didn't think more broadly about how to encourage and develop the kinds of civil society in Pakistan that would make a difference in the lives of people day to day.

And Secretary Clinton, I think, has done an excellent job in trying to move forward -- where is she?  I thought she was around here somewhere -- but anyway, she's done an excellent job, I think, in helping our State Department to refocus our energies on that front as well. 

And obviously Pakistan has an enormously important role in the security of the region by making sure that the extremist organizations that often operate out of its territories are dealt with effectively.  And we've seen some progress.  The work that the Pakistan military is doing in the Swat Valley in west -- in south Waziristan all indicates the degree to which they are beginning to recognize that extremism, even if initially directed to the outside, can ultimately also have an adverse impact on their security internally.

So my hope is, is that over time what we're going to see is further clarity and further cooperation between all the parties and all peoples of goodwill in the region to eradiate terrorist activity, to eradicate the kind of violent extremism that we've seen.  I think that will benefit the peoples of Pakistan and India and the world community as well.

PRIME MINISTER SINGH:  The President and myself had a very useful and productive exchange of views relating to security, peace, and counterterrorism in our regions.  I'm very satisfied with the outcome of my discussion with President Obama. 

As far as the nuclear deal is concerned, the President has reaffirmed that it is the common resolve of our two governments to operationalize the nuclear deal as early as possible.  There are a few "i's" and "t's" which have to be crossed -- and I am confident and I have the assurance of the President that that process can be completed without much further loss of time.

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Thank you very much, everybody.

END
12:30 P.M. EST

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release
November 24, 2009

Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Singh of India during Arrival Ceremony

East Room

9:25 A.M. EST

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Prime Minister Singh, Mrs. Gursharan Kaur, members of the Indian delegation -- on behalf of Michelle and myself, it is a great pleasure to welcome you to the White House.  On behalf of the American people, it is my great honor to welcome you to the United States.

Mr. Prime Minister, yours is the first official state visit of my presidency, and it is fitting that you and India be so recognized.  (Applause.)  This visit reflects the high esteem in which I and the American people hold your wise leadership.  It reflects the abiding bonds of respect and friendship between our people, including our friends in the Indian American community who join us here today. 

But above all, your visit, at this pivotal moment in history, speaks to the opportunity before us -- to build the relationship between our nations, born in the last century, into one of the defining partnerships of the 21st century.

For while our two nations have taken different paths to reach this moment, ours is a common story.  It's the story of two proud people who struggled to break free from an empire and declare their independence.  Two bold experiments in democracy with constitutions that begin with the same simple words:  "We the people."  Two great republics dedicated to the ideals of liberty, justice, equality, and the never-ending work of perfecting their union. 

It's the story of two economic marvels fueled by an ethic of hard work and innovation.  And today, our nations are two global leaders, driven not to dominate other nations but to build a future of security and prosperity for all nations. 

Mr. Prime Minister, as we work to build that future, India is indispensable.

As leading economies, the United States and India can strengthen the global economic recovery, promote trade that creates jobs for both our people, and pursue growth that is balanced and sustained.

As nuclear powers, we can be full partners in preventing the spread of the world's most deadly weapons, securing loose nuclear materials from terrorists, and pursuing our shared vision of a world without nuclear weapons.

As people who've known the pain and anguish of terrorism, we can stand together -- cooperating to prevent future attacks, and promote the development and prosperity that undermines violent extremism.

As India becomes an increasingly influential global power, we can partner to meet other transnational challenges:  developing clean energy partnerships, confronting climate change, stopping infectious disease, reducing hunger and working to end extreme poverty in our time.

And as the world's largest democracies, we can keep faith with our common values -- speaking out and standing up for the rights and dignity to which all human beings are entitled; and showing that nations that respect the rights and aspirations of their people are ultimately more stable, more secure and more successful. 

This is the India that America welcomes today -- a leader in Asia and around the world.  (Applause.)  These are the challenges we are summoned to meet in partnership.  This is the progress that is possible -- today and in the days and years ahead. 

And, Mr. Prime Minister, as we build our common future, we can draw strength from our shared past.  For it was exactly 60 years ago, in a ceremony not unlike this, that an American president welcomed to the White House the first prime minister of an independent India.  And while the decades that followed were not without their challenges, the spirit of that first visit is with us today -- the same sense of possibility, the same hope for the future.

So as President Truman said of President Nehru, it is my privilege to welcome "the respected leader of a great nation of free people."

And as Prime Minister Nehru said of the work before them, may our two great nations "find many ways of working together in friendly and fruitful cooperation to our mutual advantage, and for the good of humanity."

Mr. Prime Minister, Mrs. Kaur, in that spirit, I welcome you to the United States of America.  (Applause.)

PRIME MINISTER SINGH:  Mr. President, First Lady Mrs. Obama, thank you very much for your warm words of welcome, Mr. President.  My wife and I are deeply honored to be in your great country on the first state visit of your presidency.  (Applause.) 

Mr. President, I bring to you and the people of the United States of America the friendly greetings of our one billion people of India.  (Applause.) 

India and America are separated by distance, but bound together by the values of democracy, pluralism, rule of law, and respect for fundamental human freedoms.  Over the years, we have built upon these values and created a partnership that is based upon both principle and pragmatism.  Our relations have been transformed, and today they encompass cooperation in all areas of human activity.

Mr. President, I've come today to build upon these successes and to strengthen our multifaceted relationship.  We seek to broaden and deepen our strategic partnership, and to work with the United States to meet these challenges of a fast-changing world in this 21st century.  (Applause.)

This is a moment of great opportunity in our relationship.  India and the United States can, and must, work together to harness the immense potential of our talented and enterprising people, and support each other's growth and prosperity.  We should cooperate in addressing global challenges of combating terrorism, making our environment cleaner and moving towards a world free of nuclear weapons.  (Applause.)

Mr. President, we deeply appreciate your strong personal commitment to our bilateral relationship.  My wife and I are deeply grateful to you and the First Lady for receiving us during this Thanksgiving week. 

With these words, I once again thank you, Mr. President.  God bless America.  God bless India.  (Applause.)

END
9:35 A.M. EST

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release
November 23, 2009

Remarks by the President at Presentation of the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award

East Room

6:01 P.M. EST

THE PRESIDENT:  Thank you so much.  Thank you.  Please, everybody have a seat.  Everybody have a seat.

What a wonderful evening.  Before I begin, let me just acknowledge some folks here in the crowd.  First of all, Ms. Kerry Kennedy, for the great work that she's doing day in and day out.  Mr. Philip Johnston, thank you to both of you for helping to organize this tonight.  Obviously I've got to say thanks to my favorite people -- Mrs. Robert F. Kennedy, also known as Ethel Kennedy.  (Applause.)  To Representative Donald Payne, Representative Gregory Meeks, and Representative Edward Markey, who are all here -- thank you for your attendance and your support of this important award.

You know, every year for 24 years, starting the year this award was established, my friend, Senator Edward -- Ted -- Kennedy, spoke at this event.  And I'm told that he looked forward to it all year -- that he relished the chance to shine a bright light on an injustice and on those fighting it, and to support them in that fight.  He also enjoyed a family reunion.  He relished the chance to pay tribute to those carrying on the unfinished work of his brother's life -- work that for nearly half a century in the U.S. Senate he made his own.

He was pleased that this award honored men and women across the globe doing a wide range of urgent work -- fighting to end apartheid, advance democracy, empower minorities and indigenous peoples, promote free speech and elections and more.  Because Ted understood that Bobby's legacy wasn't a devotion to one particular cause, or a faith in a certain ideology -- but rather, it was a sensibility.  A belief that in this world, there is right and there is wrong, and it is our job to build our laws and our lives around recognizing the difference.

A sensitivity to injustice so acute that it can't be relieved by the rationalizations that make life comfortable for the rest of us -- that others' suffering is not our problem, that the ills of the world are somehow not our concern.

A moral orientation that renders certain people constitutionally incapable of remaining a bystander in the face of evil -- a sensibility that recognizes the power of all people, however humble their circumstances, to change the course of history.

Those are the traits of Bobby Kennedy that this award recognizes -- the very traits that define the character and guide the life of this year's recipient.  And while we feel a certain sadness that Senator Kennedy is not with us to honor her, let us also take pleasure tonight in knowing just how much he would have loved and admired Magodonga Mahlangu and the organization that she helps lead -- WOZA, which stands for Women of Zimbabwe Arise, and is represented tonight by one of its founders, Jenni Williams.

As a young girl raised in Matabeleland -- in the Matabeleland region of Zimbabwe in the early 1980s, Magodonga witnessed the -- I've got to make sure I get this right -- Gukurahundi massacres -- the systematic murder of many thousands of people, including her uncle and several cousins -- many of whom were buried in mass graves that they'd been forced to dig themselves.

She witnessed the fearful silence that followed, as talking about these events was forbidden.  Magodonga found this to be intolerable.  She wanted to speak out -- she wanted people to know the truth about what was happening in her country.

So it was a revelation when, years later, she discovered a group called WOZA whose mission is the very opposite of silence.  WOZA was started back in 2003 to empower women to speak out about the issues affecting their families and their country -- desperate hunger; crumbling health and education systems; domestic violence and rape; and government repression ranging from restrictions on free expression to abduction and murder of dissidents.

WOZA's guiding principle is "tough love" -- the idea that political leaders in Zimbabwe could use a little discipline.  And who better to provide that than the nation's mothers?  Since its founding, the organization has grown from a handful of activists to a movement of 75,000 strong.  There's even a men's branch, I understand -- MOZA.  And over the past seven years, they have conducted more than a hundred protests -- maids and hairdressers, vegetable sellers and seamstresses, taking to the streets; singing and dancing; banging on pots empty of food and brandishing brooms to express their wish to sweep the government clean.

They often don't get far before being confronted by President Mugabe's riot police.  They have been gassed, abducted, threatened with guns, and badly beaten -- forced to count out loud as each blow was administered.  Three thousand WOZA members have spent time in custody or in prison, sometimes dragged with their babies into cells.  Magodonga and Jenni are due back in court on December 7th, charged with "conduct likely to cause a breach of [the] peace."  They face a five year sentence if convicted.

That so many women have decided to risk and endure so much is in many ways a testament to the extraordinary example of tonight's honoree.

Each time they see Magodonga beaten back -- beaten black and blue during one protest, only to get right back up and lead another -- singing freedom songs at the top of her lungs in full view of security forces -- the threat of a policeman's baton loses some of its power.

Each time her house is searched, or her life is threatened, or she's once again arrested -- more than 30 times so far -- she continues to stand in public and inspire the people of Zimbabwe -- the power of the state then seems a little less absolute.

Each time she has emerged from incarceration after enduring deplorable conditions and brutal abuse -- and gone right back to work -- the prospect of prison loses some of its capacity to deter.

By her example, Magodonga has shown the women of WOZA and the people of Zimbabwe that they can undermine their oppressors' power with their own power -- that they can sap a dictator's strength with their own.  Her courage has inspired others to summon theirs.  And the organization's name, WOZA -- which means "come forward" -- has become its impact -- its impact has been even more as people know of the violence that they face, and more people have come forward to join them.

More people have come to realize what Magodonga and the women of WOZA have known all along:  that the only real way to teach love and non-violence is by example.  Even when that means sitting down while being arrested, both as a sign that they refuse to retaliate, absorbing each blow without striking back -- and a warning that, come what may, they're not going anywhere.

They even manage to show love to those who imprison them.  As Jenni put it, "Many a time we have in effect conducted a 'workshop' for our jailers, acting out the role of a mother and teaching how the country can be rebuilt if we have love in our hearts."

When asked how they can endure so much violence -- and what keeps them going in the face of such overwhelming odds -- the women of WOZA reply, simply:  "each other."

And that may be Magodonga's greatest achievement -- that she has given the women of Zimbabwe each other.  That she has given people who long for peace and justice each other.  That she has given them a voice they can only have collectively -- and a strength that they can only have together.

They are a force to be reckoned with.  Because history tells us, truth has a life of its own once it's told.  Love can transform a nation once it's taught.  Courage can be contagious; righteousness can spread; and there is much wisdom in the old proverb:  that God could not be everywhere, so he created mothers.

In the end, history has a clear direction -- and it is not the way of those who arrest women and babies for singing in the streets.  It's not the way of those who starve and silence their own people, and cling to power by threat of force.

It is the way of the maid walking home in Montgomery; the young woman marching silently in the streets of Tehran; the leader imprisoned in her own home for her commitment to democracy.

It is the way of young people in Cape Town who braved the wrath of their government to hear a young senator from New York speak about the ripples of hope one righteous act can create.

And it is the way that Magadonga Mahlangu and Jenni Williams and the women and men who take to the streets of Harare and Bulawayo and Victoria Falls because they love their country and love their children and know that something better is possible.

Bobby Kennedy once said, "All great questions must be raised by great voices, and the greatest voice is the voice of the people -- speaking out -- in prose, or painting or poetry or music; speaking out -- in homes and halls, streets and farms, courts and cafes -- let that voice speak and the stillness you hear will be the gratitude of mankind."

Magodongo and WOZA have given so many of their fellow citizens of Zimbabwe that voice -- and tonight, we express our gratitude for their work.

It is now my pleasure to join with Mrs. Robert F. Kennedy to present the 2009 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award to Magodonga Mahlangu and WOZA.  (Applause.)

END
6:12 P.M. EST

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release
November 23, 2009

Remarks by the President after Meeting with his Cabinet

Cabinet Room

3:27 P.M. EST

     THE PRESIDENT:  Hello, everybody.  I assembled my Cabinet today for updates on progress we've made across several areas.  Secretary Gates and Secretary Clinton spoke about issues of national security.  Peter Orszag had some discussion of our upcoming budget.  And I updated the Cabinet on the progress that we're making on the health insurance reform legislation that's moving its way now through the Senate, and reiterated the urgent need for us to get to the finish line and provide relief, both in terms of costs and the quality of coverage that Americans are getting in their health care.

     The primary focus of our discussion today, though, had to do with the same thing that Americans sitting across kitchen tables all across the country are focused on, and that is jobs and the economy. 

     If you look back at where we've been, in the first several months of my administration, because of the steps taken by people like Secretary Geithner and the rest of our economic team, we were able to stabilize the financial system and ensure that the economy didn't slip back into a depression.  And we take this for granted now, but it is something that I think all the members of the Cabinet who participated are extremely proud of.

     Since that time, we've passed a Recovery Act that's put a middle-class tax cut into people's pockets, that has invested in infrastructure all across this country and put people back to work, and something that isn't noted often enough, has helped stabilize state budgets at a time in which we could have seen hundreds of thousands of layoffs in teachers and police officers and firefighters.

     Our economy is growing for the first time in more than a year, and we know that economic growth is a prerequisite for job growth.  But, having said that, what I emphasize today is we cannot sit back and be satisfied, given the extraordinarily high unemployment levels that we've seen.  We have only taken the first step in curing our economy and making sure that it is moving on the right track.  And I will not rest until businesses are investing again and businesses are hiring again and people have work again.

     Now, this is going to be a challenging task.  It's challenging because of the extraordinary blow that the financial crisis delivered to the economy as a whole.  It is particularly difficult because both the financial sector and the housing sector were the biggest drivers of economic growth prior to the financial crisis, and so the severity of their pullback means that things are moving slower than we would like them to move.

     One of the ironies that we have right now is is that businesses across sectors are making profits again but their primary way of making profit has been to cut costs, as opposed to seeing increased demand.  And unfortunately, the huge rise in productivity, which is normally a good thing, in this circumstance means that they have learned to produce the same amount of goods with fewer people.  All these present some significant challenges in terms of us creating more jobs in this economy.

     But, having said that, something that our economic team emphasized is that there are core strengths to the American economy that will put us in good stead over the long term.  Having gone through this very wrenching adjustment, we continue to have the best universities in the world, the best innovation and technologies in the world.  We continue to have some of the best workers in the world, the most productive workers in the world.  And we have the kind of dynamism and entrepreneurship in our economy that's going to serve us well in the long term.  The key is to bridge where we are now to that more prosperous future.  And so a lot of the discussion, in a whole range of different sectors, was how do we move that job agendas forward.

     For example, in the export area, I just came back from a trip to Asia in which one of my highest priorities was discussing how we can increase exports into that region.  If we could just increase our exports by 5 percent into that region, that would mean hundreds of thousands of well-paying jobs.  And there's no reason that we can't do it.  In fact, it turns out that they want our products and they want our technology, but partly because of regulatory restrictions, partly because of currency issues, partly because we just haven't been as aggressive as we need to be, we haven't gotten there. 

That's something that we're going to be focusing on -- on infrastructure.  Although some of the payout extends beyond just a couple of years, us investing now in revamping our existing infrastructure and then starting to lay the foundation for things like high-speed rail can make all the difference in the world.

And in green technology, we are seeing some terrific ideas that could immediately put people back to work and save consumers money and help with the climate crisis that we have in place. 

So, as many of you know, we're going to be having a jobs summit on December 3rd.  Part of the task of this Cabinet was to generate good ideas in anticipation of that jobs summit.  We are going to be bringing together people from all across the country -- business, labor, academics, non-for-profits, entrepreneurs, small and large businesses -- to explore how we can jumpstart the hiring that typically lags behind economic growth, but we don't want to wait.  We want to see if we can accelerate it.  And I'm confident that we're going to be able to do it because I've got as good of a Cabinet as I think any President has ever had.

Let me just close by saying this.  This is a week to give thanks.  And I advised this hardworking Cabinet to get a little bit of rest this week, particularly the people who have been traveling around the globe for day in and day out and don't know what time zone they're in. 

But I think it's also a time to remember that this has been a very difficult year, and a lot of people out there are having a very, very tough time.  And I indicated to my Cabinet that as hard as they're working and as difficult as the political environment can be sometimes, we are extraordinarily blessed to be in a position where we can make a potential difference in the lives of millions of people.  We need to take advantage of that opportunity and redouble our efforts in the months and years to come.

Thank you very much, everybody.

END
3:35 P.M. EST

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release
November 23, 2009

Remarks by the President on the "Education To Innovate" Campaign

South Court Auditorium, Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building

11:46 A.M. EST

THE PRESIDENT:  Thank you.  I am extraordinarily excited to have you all here today.  A couple of special acknowledgements I want to make -- first of all, two of my outstanding Cabinet members:  Secretary Arne Duncan, our Education Secretary; and Secretary Steven Chu, who is our Energy Secretary.  They are both doing outstanding work each and every day. 

I want to acknowledge Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, who is from Texas, and she is one of the members of our Science and Technology Committee and doing outstanding work.  NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden is in the house.  Where's Charlie?  There he is, right there in front.  NSF Director Dr. Arden Bement is here, right there.  Dr. John Holdren, my Science and Technology Advisor -- where's John?  Right there.  Melody Barnes, our Domestic Policy Council chair or head, director.  (Laughter.)  Director.

And then we've got some students from -- some wonderful students from some wonderful schools:  Oakton High School in Vienna, Virginia; Longfellow Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia; the Washington Mathematics Science Technology Public Charter High School here in D.C., and the Herndon High School in Herndon, Virginia.  Welcome, everybody.  (Applause.)

Now, the students from Oakton High School are going to be demonstrating the "Cougar Cannon," designed to scoop up and toss moon rocks.  I am eager to see what they do -- for two reasons.  As President, I believe that robotics can inspire young people to pursue science and engineering.  And I also want to keep an eye on those robots, in case they try anything.  (Laughter.)

It's an honor to be here and to be joined by Sally Ride, the first American woman in space.  Sally.  (Applause.)  This is a person who's inspired a generation of girls and boys to think bigger and set their sights higher.  I want to thank NASA and Charlie for providing the interactive globe -- an innovative and engaging way of teaching young people about our world. 

Welcome, Mythbusters, from Discovery Channel.  Where are they?  There they are.  (Applause.)  I hope you guys left the explosives at home.  (Laughter.)  And finally, allow me to thank the many leaders here today who've agreed to be part of this historic effort to inspire and educate a new generation in math and science.

We live in a world of unprecedented perils, but also unparalleled potential.  Our medical system holds the promise of unlocking new cures -- but it's attached to a health care system that's bankrupting families and businesses and our government.  The sources of energy that power our economy are also endangering our planet.  We confront threats to our security that seek to exploit the very openness that is essential to our prosperity.  And we face challenges in a global marketplace that link the trader to Wall Street to the homeowner on Main Street, to the office worker in America to the factory worker in China  -- an economy in which we all share in opportunity, but we also share, unfortunately, in crisis.

The key to meeting these challenges -- to improving our health and well-being, to harnessing clean energy, to protecting our security, and succeeding in the global economy -- will be reaffirming and strengthening America's role as the world's engine of scientific discovery and technological innovation.  And that leadership tomorrow depends on how we educate our students today, especially in those fields that hold the promise of producing future innovations and innovators.  And that's why education in math and science is so important.

Now the hard truth is that for decades we've been losing ground.  One assessment shows American 15-year-olds now rank 21st in science and 25th in math when compared to their peers around the world.  And this isn't news.  We've seen worrying statistics like this for years.  Yet, time and again, we've let partisan and petty bickering stand in the way of progress.  And time and again, as a nation, we've let our children down. 

So I'm here and you are here because we all believe that we can't allow division and indifference to imperil our position in the world.  It's time for all of us -- in Washington and across America -- to take responsibility for our future.

And that's why I'm committed to moving our country from the middle to the top of the pack in science and math education over the next decade.  To meet this goal, the Recovery Act included the largest investment in education in history while preventing hundreds of thousands of educators from being fired because of state budget shortfalls.  Under the outstanding leadership of Arne Duncan, we've launched a $4 billion Race to the Top fund, one of the largest investments in education reform in history.

And through the Race to the Top, states won't just be receiving funding, they'll have to compete for funding.  And in this competition, producing the most innovative programs in math and science will be an advantage.  In addition, we are challenging states to improve achievement by raising standards, using data to better inform decisions, and taking new approaches to turn around struggling schools.  And because a great teacher is the single most important factor in a great education, we're asking states to focus on teacher effectiveness and to make it possible for professionals -- like many of the people in this room -- to bring their experience and enthusiasm into the classroom.

But you are here because you know the success we seek is not going to be attained by government alone.  It depends on the dedication of students and parents, and the commitment of private citizens, organizations, and companies.  It depends on all of us.  That's why, back in April, at the National Academy of Sciences, I issued a challenge:  to encourage folks to think of new and creative ways of engaging young people in science and engineering.  And we are here because the leaders in this room answered that call to action.

Today, we are launching the "Educate to Innovate" campaign, a nationwide effort to help reach the goal this administration has set:  moving to the top in science and math education in the next decade.  We've got leaders from private companies and universities, foundations and non-profits, and organizations representing millions of scientists, engineers, and teachers from across America.  The initial commitment of the private sector to this campaign is more than $260 million –- and we only expect the campaign to grow.

Business leaders from Intel, Xerox, Kodak, and Time Warner Cable are teaming up with Sally Ride, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as the Carnegie Corporation, to find and replicate successful science, math, and technology programs all across America.  Sesame Street has begun a two-year initiative to teach young kids about math and science.  And Discovery Communications is going to deliver interactive science content to 60,000 schools reaching 35 million students.

These efforts extend beyond the classroom.  Time Warner Cable is joining with the Coalition for Science After School and FIRST Robotics -- the program created by inventor Dean Kamen, which gave us the "Cougar Cannon" -- to connect one million students with fun after-school activities, like robotics competitions.  The MacArthur Foundation and industry leaders like Sony are launching a nationwide challenge to design compelling, freely available, science-related video games.  And organizations representing teachers, scientists, mathematicians, and engineers -- joined by volunteers in the community -- are participating in a grassroots effort called "National Lab Day" to reach 10 million young people with hands-on learning.

Students will launch rockets, construct miniature windmills, and get their hands dirty.  They'll have the chance to build and create -- and maybe destroy just a little bit -- (laughter) -- to see the promise of being the makers of things, and not just the consumers of things.

The administration is participating as well.  We've already had a number of science-focused events with young people at the White House, including Astronomy Night a few weeks ago.  The National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy, under the leadership of a terrific scientist, Steven Chu, have launched an innovative -- an initiative to inspire tens of thousands of students to pursue careers in clean energy.

And today, I'm announcing that we're going to have an annual science fair at the White House with the winners of national competitions in science and technology.  If you win the NCAA championship, you come to the White House.  Well, if you're a young person and you've produced the best experiment or design, the best hardware or software, you ought to be recognized for that achievement, too.  Scientists and engineers ought to stand side by side with athletes and entertainers as role models, and here at the White House we're going to lead by example.  We're going to show young people how cool science can be.

Through these efforts, we're going to expand the scope and scale of science and math education all across America.  And we're going to expand opportunities for all our young people -- including women and minorities who too often have been underrepresented in scientific and technological fields, but who are no less capable of succeeding in math and science and pursuing careers that will help improve our lives and grow our economy.  I also want to note that this is only the beginning.  We're going to challenge the private sector to partner with community colleges, for example, to help train the workers of today for the jobs of tomorrow, even as we make college more affordable -- so that, by 2020, America once again leads the world in producing college graduates.

Now, I have to say to the young people who are here, we can't let students off the hook.  In the end, the success of this campaign depends on them.  But I believe strongly that America's young people will rise to the challenge if given the opportunity -- and given a little bit of a push.  We've got to work together to create those opportunities, because our future depends on it. 

And I just want to mention the importance not only of students but also of parents.  You know, I was in Asia, I think many of you are aware, for a week, and I was having lunch with the President of South Korea, President Lee.  And I was interested in education policy -- they've grown enormously over the last 40 years.  And I asked him, what are the biggest challenges in your education policy?  He said, the biggest challenge that I have is that my parents are too demanding.  (Laughter.)  He said, even if somebody is dirt poor, they are insisting that their kids are getting the best education.  He said, I've had to import thousands of foreign teachers because they're all insisting that Korean children have to learn English in elementary school.  That was the biggest education challenge that he had, was an insistence, a demand from parents for excellence in the schools. 

And the same thing was true when I went to China.  I was talking to the mayor of Shanghai, and I asked him about how he was doing recruiting teachers, given that they've got 25 million people in this one city.  He said, we don't have problems recruiting teachers because teaching is so revered and the pay scales for teachers are actually comparable to doctors and other professions. 

That gives you a sense of what's happening around the world.  There is a hunger for knowledge, an insistence on excellence, a reverence for science and math and technology and learning.  That used to be what we were about.  That's what we're going to be about again.

     And I have to say that this doesn't get a lot of focus.  Not once was I asked about education policy during my trip by the press.  And oftentimes events like this get short shrift.  They're not what's debated on cable.  But this is probably going to make more of a difference in determining how well we do as a country than just about anything else that we do here.

     Everyone in this room understands how important science and math can be.  And it goes beyond the facts in a biology textbook or the questions on an algebra quiz.  It's about the ability to understand our world:  to harness and train that human capacity to solve problems and think critically, a set of skills that informs the decisions we make throughout our lives.

So, yes, improving education in math and science is about producing engineers and researchers and scientists and innovators who are going to help transform our economy and our lives for the better.  But it's also about something more.  It's about expanding opportunity for all Americans in a world where an education is the key to success.  It's about an informed citizenry in an era where many of the problems we face as a nation are, at root, scientific problems.  And it's about the power of science to not only unlock new discoveries, but to unlock in the minds of our young people a sense of promise, a sense that with some hard work -- with effort -- they have the potential to achieve extraordinary things.

This is a difficult time in our country, and it would be easy to grow cynical and wonder if America's best days are behind us -- especially at a time of economic uncertainty, especially when we've seen so many, from Wall Street to Washington, fail to take responsibility for so long.  But I believe we have an opportunity now to move beyond the failures of the recent past and to recapture that spirit of American innovation and optimism. 

This nation wasn't built on greed.  It wasn't built on reckless risk.  It wasn't built on short-term gains and short-sighted policies.  It was forged on stronger stuff, by bold men and women who dared to invent something new or improve something old -- who took big chances on big ideas, who believed that in America all things are possible.  That's our history.  And, if we remain fixed on the work ahead, if we build on the progress we've made today, this is going to be our legacy as well.

So, with that, just as proof of the extraordinary promise of American young people, I'd like to invite Steven Harris and Brian Hortelano from Oakton High School to come up here and demonstrate what their team has built.  And it's flashing so far.  I don't see it whirling.  (Laughter.)  Where are they?  Give them a big round of applause.  (Applause.)

END
12:03 P.M. EST

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release
November 20, 2009

Remarks by the President to the Troops at Osan Air Base, Osan, Republic of Korea

3:40 P.M. KST

THE PRESIDENT:  Hello, Osan!  (Applause.)  It is good to be here!  (Applause.)  Thank you so much.

First of all, please give Staff Sergeant Randy Gray a big round of applause for the outstanding introduction.  (Applause.) I want to thank Randy for his service as one of the "Best Warriors" in the United States Army.  (Applause.)  Randy is a reminder that our noncommissioned officers are the strength of America's military.  So thanks to Randy and to all the NCOs.  (Applause.)

Thank you, Lieutenant Colonel Glover, for the invocation.  And please give a big round of applause to Katherine Dennison for singing our National Anthem.  (Applause.)  To the 8th Army Band  -- where you guys at?  There they are, up there.  (Applause.)  You look fantastic.  To all the airmen and soldiers behind me -- you guys make a pretty good photo op.  (Laughter.)  We are grateful for your service. 

I want to thank your local leaders at Osan for welcoming me here today, including Brigadier General Michael Keltz and Colonel Tom "Big" Deale.  (Applause.)  Your great senior enlisted leaders, including Command Sergeant Major Robert Winzenried and Chief Master Sergeant Michael Williams.  (Applause.) 

We are joined by America's outstanding representatives here in the Republic of Korea:  I want you guys to give it up for Ambassador Kathleen Stephens and General "Skip" Sharp.  Give them a big round of applause.  (Applause.)  This is a wonderful story that I just heard -- that the day Skip Sharp was born in West Virginia, his dad was here -- serving in the Korean War.  And that just says something about the extraordinary tradition of your family and service to our country, and we salute you for that.  We are grateful to you.  Thank you so much. 

Listen, it is great to be here at Osan Air Base.  We've got the 51st Fighter Wing.  (Applause.)  We've got the 7th Air Force and -- (applause) -- Air Forces Korea.  (Applause.)  But I know we have folks from all across U.S. Forces Korea.  We've got the 8th Army and Army Forces Korea.  (Applause.)  We've got the Naval Forces Korea.  (Applause.)  We've got Marine Forces Korea  (Applause.)  Special Operations Command.  (Applause.)  And we've got a whole lot of DOD civilians, too.  (Applause.)

AUDIENCE MEMBER:  We love you!

THE PRESIDENT:  I love you back.  (Applause.) 

Now, Joanne Sharp and Michelle Remington were there to greet me, and I see that we've got a whole lot of spouses and family here.  (Applause.)  To you and all the spouses back home, I just want to remind you that you serve and sacrifice, too, and America honors you as well.

And we are joined by our great allies:  Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Lee and Mrs. Hwang.  We are so nice -- so grateful that you are here.  (Applause.)  Thank you.  Members of the Republic of Korea armed forces, and to all our KATUSA partners -- your English is better than my Korean -- (laughter) -- but let me say:  Katchi Kapshida.  (Applause.)  For those of you guys who have not been doing your homework while you're in Korea, that means:  We go together.  (Applause.)  

And to your neighbors -- the people of Osan and this country -- for more than a half a century, your steadfast resolve has earned you the respect of the world.  And your hospitality to Americans serving far from home has earned you the gratitude of the United States.  On behalf of us all, thank you to the people of the Republic of Korea.  (Applause.)

Today, I'm finishing my first visit to Asia as President.  In Tokyo, we renewed and deepened the U.S.-Japan alliance.  In Singapore, we worked with leaders from across the Asia Pacific to strengthen the global economic recovery.  And in China, we worked to advance the partnership between our two countries on global issues -- because cooperation between the United States and China will mean a safer, more prosperous world for all of us, including right here on the Korean peninsula.

In Seoul, President Lee and I reaffirmed the enduring alliance between our countries -- an alliance rooted in shared sacrifice, common values, mutual interest and mutual respect.  And as we look to the future with a shared vision of our alliance for the 21st century, I made it clear -- America's commitment to the defense of the Republic of Korea will never waver, and our alliance has never been stronger.

And I want to deliver, actually, just a quick story, go a little off script.  President Lee talked to me about what it was like when he was a young child here in Korea, this country having been torn by war, and the poverty that still existed in the country.  And he said, I hope the American people understand how grateful we are for what you've done, because we would not be the extraordinarily strong, prosperous nation that we are, had it not been for the sacrifices of your armed services and the continued contributions that you've made.

And I thought, when the President of a country that's become so successful says that America, and America's armed services in particular, had something to do with the extraordinary success of their country -- he said, that's something you should take great pride in.  And I want all of you to know that, because you are carrying that tradition on right here at Osan.

I couldn't come to the Republic of Korea without coming to see you to deliver a simple message -- a message of thanks to you and your families.  Because of all the privileges of serving as President, I have no greater honor than serving as
Commander-in-Chief of the finest military that the world has ever known.  (Applause.) 

At every stop on my journey, one truth is clear:  The security that allows families to live in peace in Asia and America, the prosperity that allows people to pursue their dreams, the freedoms and liberties that we cherish -- they're not accidents of history; they are the direct result of the work that you do, the strong alliances that we have.  That's the legacy that you are carrying forward.  It is no exaggeration to say that the progress we've seen not just in Korea but in this part of the world would not have been possible without the security and stability provided by generations of American men and women in uniform.  It has transformed the lives of millions of people.

Many people have to wait a lifetime to see the difference they've made.  But you see the legacy of your service, and you only have to look around.  Like generations before you, you've helped keep the peace on this peninsula, working with the wonderful people of the Republic of Korea as they forged a vibrant democracy, and an example that the world admires of  progress and tradition go hand in hand. 

Backed by our alliance, this is one of the world's most dynamic economies -- and one of America's largest trading partners -- bringing prosperity and opportunity to both our people.  That's the legacy of our armed services. 

Backed by our alliance, the Republic of Korea has taken on a leadership role, promoting security and stability around the world.  In Iraq.  In Afghanistan.  In the waters off the Horn of Africa.  And here in Asia, helping to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction.  That makes us all more secure.  That, too, is part of your legacy.

But the story of your service goes beyond this peninsula.  For you are members of a generation that has earned your place among the greatest in American history.  You volunteered in a time of war, knowing that you could be sent into harm's way.  Many of you served in Iraq.  (Applause.)  You've given people a chance at self-government there.  Others among you served in Afghanistan.  (Applause.)  And you've denied a safe have to those who attacked us eight Septembers ago -- and would do so again if given the opportunity.  Others among you will deploy yet again.  
So you and your families have served tour after tour, year after year.  And while you made sacrifices that few Americans will ever truly understand, I want to assure you -- every American appreciates what you do.  I say today, on behalf of the American people:  We thank you for your service.  We honor you for your sacrifices.  And just as you've fulfilled your responsibilities to your nation, your nation will fulfill its responsibilities to you.  

So as Commander-in-Chief, here's the commitment I make.  We'll make sure you can meet the missions we ask you to go on.  That's why we're increasing the defense budget, to keep you the best-trained, best-led, best-equipped military in the world. 

We've increased the size of the Army and Marines Corps ahead of schedule.  We've approved a temporary increase in the Army.  And we've halted reductions in the Navy and the Air Force -- which will give you more time home between deployments.  And it will help us to put an end, once and for all, for stop-loss for those who've done their duty.   
         
We'll spend our defense dollars wisely.  So we're cutting tens of billions of dollars in waste and unnecessary projects that even the Pentagon says it doesn't need -- so that we can spend that money on building the 21st century military that we do need so we can maintain our military superiority. 

And I promise you this:  I will not hesitate to use force to protect the American people or our vital interests.  But I will also not risk your lives unless it is absolutely necessary.  (Applause.)  And when it is necessary, America will back you up to the hilt.  We'll give you the strategy, the clear mission, the equipment and the support you need to get the job done.  That's the promise I make to you.

As you fulfill your duties, we're going to take care of your families.  That's why we're increasing pay.  (Applause.)  That's what's called an applause line in the business.  (Laughter.)   That's why we're increasing child care.  That's why we're increasing support to help spouses and families deal with the stress and separation of war.  And I want to commend General Sharp for working to normalize your tours -- so more of your families can join you here in Korea.  And everywhere I go, from what I've heard, there's an extraordinary quality of life here for our troops.  The fact that we can extend these tours a little bit longer just provides more stability and security for your families. 

Finally, we pledge to be there when you come home.  I mean, it's nice here, but we want you coming home.  We're improving care for our wounded warriors, especially those with Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury.  We're funding the Post-9/11 GI Bill -- to give you and your families the chance to pursue your dreams.  We've made the biggest commitment to our veterans through the largest percentage increase requested for the VA's budget in more than 30 years.

So these are the commitments I make to you.  Because you've always taken care of America, and America needs to take care of you.  (Applause.)  For you are the latest chapter in a long story of proud service -- a story told in quiet places of reflection and tribute, including a memorial on the National Mall in Washington, not far from the White House.

There, between the monument to Washington and the memorial to Lincoln, you can find it -- 19 statutes, a squad on patrol as they might have appeared on this peninsula six decades ago.  Their packs on their backs.  Clad in their helmets and ponchos.  Carrying their rifles and radios.  Every service -- Army, Air Force, Navy, Marines.  Every race -- white, black, brown.  Standing together.  Serving together.  Moving on.  Pushing ahead. And etched into the black granite wall beside them, thousands of faces -- the nurses, the mechanics, the support personnel who served alongside them.

There, at the Korean War Veterans Memorial, beside the tranquil waters that help us remember, are the statistics of their sacrifice -- the wounded, the captured, the missing, the dead from that war.  And under a bright American flag, etched in stone, are timeless words we know to be true: "Freedom is not free."

Freedom is not free.  And it is paid in the service and the sacrifice of all who wear America's uniform.  It was paid by their generation -- from the Pusan perimeter to the landings at Inchon, from the skies of Mig Alley to the heroism of Heartbreak Ridge.  It's been paid by every generation since.  And it's being paid by you -- in service that inspires us all.  And for this, your country -- and generations yet unborn -- will be forever grateful.

So God bless you all.  God bless the armed services, and God bless the United States of America.  Thank you, everybody.  (Applause.)

END
3:57 P.M. KST

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release
November 20, 2009

Remarks by President Obama and President Lee of the Republic of Korea before Bilateral Meeting

Blue House, Seoul, Republic of Korea,

November 19, 2009

11:15 A.M. KST

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Well, Mr. President -- I was telling the President, and I think the delegation would agree, that this was the most spectacular ceremony for a state visit that we've been involved with since we've traveled.

And I was saying that I especially enjoyed the traditional dress of some of the soldiers.

PRESIDENT LEE:  (As translated.)  But traditional uniforms are quite difficult to fight in.  (Laughter.) 

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  That's true, that's true.

PRESIDENT LEE:  Well, first of all, Mr. President, welcome.  And you're bringing very nice weather with you, because up until yesterday it was sub-zeros, frigid cold.  (Laughter.)

Well, once again, Mr. President, welcome to the Asian region, and, of course, welcome to Korea.  I know that your visit to Japan and China has been very successful.

And Mr. President, as we all like to say, you saved the best for last.  (Laughter.)

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Well, Mr. President, let me just say that we have been so gratified by the warmth with which we've been received here in the Republic of Korea.

And I think there's every indication that the alliance between our two countries has never been stronger.

END
11:17 A.M. KST

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release
November 19, 2009

Remarks by President Barack Obama and President Lee Myung-Bak of Republic of Korea in Joint Press Conference

Blue House, Seoul, South Korea

12:35 P.M. KST

PRESIDENT LEE:  (As translated.)  We have beautiful weather today.  I know that yesterday we had sub-zero cold.  And President Obama brought with him very nice weather.  On behalf of the people of the Republic of Korea, I wish to extend our warmest welcome and greetings to President Obama and his delegation. 

We know how much President Obama appreciates and understands the value of Korean and Asian cultures.  I believe that President Obama's global leadership, a leadership that is based on mutual respect and mutual goals, will help usher in an era of hope and renewal to the United States and better serve peace and prosperity throughout the world. 

Having held three summit meetings with him, and having met many times in various multilateral settings over the past 10 months, I think I can say that we have indeed become very close friends.  In particular, I think our discussions today have been particularly in depth and very fruitful, very honest talks.  The relationship between our two countries is excellent and stands stronger than ever.  President Obama and I believe that it can become even stronger.  So we will continue to consult on specific ways to move our relationship forward. 

President Obama and I reaffirmed the solid ROK-U.S. defense posture, including the extended deterrence.  We also agreed to further develop our partnership so that it can become an example of what a strategic alliance of the 21st century should be by faithfully implementing the joint vision for the alliance adopted at our last meeting in June.

As part of these efforts, we agreed to have our foreign and defense ministers to meet and discuss specific ways to develop our alliance to the future sometime next year, which marks the 60th anniversary of the outbreak of the Korean War.

President Obama and I expressed our shared satisfaction that Korea and the United States are working closely together with regards to our approach vis-à-vis North Korea and the nuclear issue.  We also reaffirmed our commitment to the complete and verifiable denuclearization of North Korea through the six-party talks.  We fully share the view that the North Korean nuclear issue requires a definite and comprehensive resolution, as I described in our grand bargain, and agreed to closely consult on how to elaborate and implement this approach. 

It is my hope that North Korea would accept our proposal so that we can usher in a new era in which North Korea can be assured of its security and its people can enjoy real improvements in their quality of life.  We agreed to work closely together with the other countries in the six-party process to bring North Korea back to the six-party talks at an early date, and make sure that North Korea takes substantive measures towards its denuclearization.

Moreover, we noted our shared concern for North Korean humanitarian issues and agreed to work together to bring improvements in this area. 

Meanwhile President Obama and I reaffirmed the economic and strategic importance of the Korea-U.S. free trade agreement.  We agreed to redouble our efforts to move the agreement forward.

Noting with satisfaction the achievements of the G20 summit meeting in Pittsburgh, President Obama and I agreed to continue cooperating on implementing a framework for ensuring a strong sustainable and balanced growth.  We also agreed to work together to ensure the success of next November's G20 summit to be held here in Korea.

At the same time, we share the view that such global challenges as climate change, green growth, nonproliferation, and counterterrorism requires a collective response. 

In particular I would like to commend President Obama's endeavor towards a world without nuclear weapons, and in this respect the Republic of Korea intends to participate in and do its part to ensure the success of next April's nuclear security summit in Washington, D.C.

I am very pleased that we were able to have candid discussions on important issues that confront us, and I'm happy that we produced fruitful outcomes. 

I also wish to once again congratulate President Obama on his very successful trip to Asia.  And let me once again join the Korean people in expressing to President Obama and his delegation our warmest sentiments of friendship.

Thank you.

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Well, it's a great honor to be making my first trip to the Republic of Korea as President of the United States.  I want to thank my good friend, President Lee, and the Korean people, for their extraordinary hospitality.  And I have to say that the arrival ceremony for our state visit was as spectacular as any that we've seen.

I was privileged to host President Lee in Washington in June.  As he mentioned, we've seen each other in many multilateral forums, as well, and we've developed a strong working relationship and friendship.  And it's a great pleasure to visit this beautiful city.

The Republic of Korea is a close and valued friend and ally of the United States.  The strong bonds between our people were forged in the battles of the Korean War nearly 60 years ago.  Our alliance, which is grounded in shared interests and values, has provided peace and security on this peninsula and in the region for many decades.  And I'm pleased to say that our alliance has never been stronger than it is today.

The 60th anniversary of the outbreak of the Korean War presents an important opportunity to honor the service of our veterans, to reflect on the principles for which they fought, and to move forward in adapting our alliance to meet the challenges of the 21st century.  As part of this process, we agreed that Secretaries Clinton and Gates will meet with their Korean counterparts next year to work on realizing our shared vision for the alliance going forward.

The Republic of Korea has made extraordinary progress in the six decades since the Korean War.  Evidence of that progress can be seen in Korea's strong democracy, its vibrant economy, but it can also be seen in Korea's increasingly prominent role in global affairs.  Indeed, in just one generation, the Republic of Korea has gone from a recipient of aid to a donor nation and -- under the leadership of President Lee, a leader within the G20.

The United States has been proud to stand as a friend and ally of the Korean people throughout this period.   And later today, I'll also visit some of our servicemen and women, who represent America's unwavering commitment to the security of this country.  In going forward, I know that our two nations can strengthen our cooperation on a range of critical issues, including several that we discussed today.

On North Korea, our governments have maintained extraordinarily close cooperation, and President Lee and I are in full agreement on our common approach going forward.  I reaffirmed my commitment to continue working together in the six-party process to achieve a definitive and comprehensive resolution of the nuclear issue.  As a part of that effort, we will be sending Ambassador Bosworth to North Korea on December 8th to engage in direct talks with the North Koreans.

Our message is clear:  If North Korea is prepared to take concrete and irreversible steps to fulfill its obligations and eliminate its nuclear weapons program, the United States will support economic assistance and help promote its full integration into the community of nations.  That opportunity and respect will not come with threats -- North Korea must live up to its obligations.

The Republic of Korea is also, obviously, a close trading partner of the United States, and the relationship between our nations advance our common prosperity.  To strengthen those ties, President Lee and I discussed the U.S.-Korea free trade agreement, which holds out the promise of serving our mutual interests.  And together, we're committed to working together to move the agreement forward.

I also thanked President Lee for his leadership at the G20, as we continue our efforts to transition from rescuing the global economy to promoting balanced and sustainable growth.  In that effort, Korea will play a critical role as a host for the G20 next year.

We also discussed the importance of promoting security and stability in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and I welcomed President Lee's decision to establish a Provincial Reconstruction Team in Afghanistan.  This important contribution will help support the strengthening of Afghan capacity, which is essential to achieving our goals in Afghanistan.

And finally, we agreed to coordinate our efforts to clean energy and climate change.  I told President Lee that Korea's recent announcement of an ambitious target for 2020 is a model for emerging economies.  And building on the progress that we made at APEC and in Beijing, I will continue to work closely with President Lee to help pave the way for a successful outcome in Copenhagen next month.

Once again, I want to thank President Lee and the Korean people for their warm hospitality.  I look forward to working with you, Mr. President, to strengthen a relationship that does so much to advance the mutual interests of our citizens.  And as a fan of Korean culture and Korean barbecue, I'm also very much looking forward to lunch that we'll be having in a few minutes.  So thank you very much.  Kamsa hamnida.

Q    First of all, welcome to Korea, Mr. President.  A question going out to President Lee regarding the North Korea nuclear issue.  Do you envisage any timeline between Korea and the United States in order to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue?  Do you have any deadlines about it?  And also regarding the grand bargain proposal that you proposed to North Korea, how do you think that the North Koreans will react to your grand bargain proposal?  And both of you mentioned the result of your talks, but what kind of things did you discuss regarding the KORUS FTA?

A question going out to President Obama on the KORUS FTA -- the KORUS FTA is regarded here within Korea as something that will further strengthen bilateral relationship between Korea and the United States, and many Korean people are hopeful or hoping for the early ratification of the KORUS FTA.  And I would just like to ask, Mr. President, of your strategic vision regarding the KORUS FTA?

And as for the grand bargain proposal, I would just like to ask you how much do you intend to cooperate with the South Koreans in implementing this?

PRESIDENT LEE:  I think we promised to ask one question to one leader, but I think you're asking many questions all at once. First of all, on North Korea nuclear issue and convincing North Korea to give up their nuclear weapons program, it is not a simple matter.  We know that for sure.  For the last 20 years or so, we've been dealing with the North Koreans and negotiating with the North Koreans.  We would take one step forward and two steps back, and that has taken 20 years, and still we do not have a full resolvement of this issue.

Now, with President Obama and the White House, we were successful in passing and adopting a U.N. Security Council resolution.  International cooperation is perfect in my opinion in terms of trying to resolve this issue peacefully, and I think we are entering into a new chapter in bringing this issue to an end. 

I do not put any deadline to resolving this North Korean nuclear issue.  Of course we would want to resolve this issue as soon as possible because that is critical for ensuring peace and stability of the region and the world.  And so this is why I proposed a grand bargain proposal.

And what's important is to really know whether North Korea has genuine intent to give up fully and verifiably their nuclear weapons program.  We must find out the intention of the North Koreans, and as soon as we find out, the better it is.  And the negotiations to convince North Korea to resolve their nuclear weapons issue, like I said, it is not going to be easy, but I believe it is possible that we can resolve this issue peacefully. So together with President Obama and the international community, we will work to resolve this issue.

About the grand bargain, the North Koreans haven't yet conveyed what they thought of the grand bargain, but in order for the North Koreans to ensure their stability, to improve the lives of the North Korean population, to have economic prosperity -- in short, for a better future the North Koreans -- it is my wish that the North Koreans will adopt the grand bargain proposal.

And as for the KORUS FTA, I'm sure President Obama will be making a comment, so I'll just listen.

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Well, first of all, with respect to North Korea, there's going to be extraordinarily close coordination between our two countries, as there has been for many years. 

The thing I want to emphasize is that President Lee and I both agree on the need to break the pattern that has existed in the past in which North Korea behaves in a provocative fashion;  it then is willing to return to talks; it talks for a while and then leaves the talks seeking further concessions, and there's never actually any progress on the core issues.

I think President Lee is exactly right, and my administration is taking the same approach, which is the door is open to resolving these issues peacefully, for North Korea to see over time the reduction of sanctions and its increasing integration into the international community -- something that will be good for its people -- but it will only happen if North Korea is taking serious steps around the nuclear issue.  And we will not distracted by a whole host of other side items that end up generating a lot of meetings but not concrete action.

Now, with respect to the free trade agreement, I am a strong believer that both countries can benefit from expanding our trade ties.  And so I have told President Lee and his team that I am committed to seeing the two countries work together to move this agreement forward.  There are still issues that are being discussed and worked on and we have put our teams in place to make sure that we are covering all the issues that might be a barrier to final ratification of the agreement.

With respect to the United States, I think it's important to understand -- and I shared this with President Lee -- that American companies and workers are very confident in our ability to compete and we recognize that there's not only a economic but also a strategy interest in expanding our ties to South Korea.  There is obviously also a concern within the United States around the incredible trade imbalances that have grown over the last several decades.  Those imbalances are not as prominent with Korea, but there has been a tendency I think to lump all of Asia together when Congress looks at trade agreements and says it appears as if this is one-way street. 

And one of my goals is to make sure that as we work through these issues, that the American people, American businesses, American workers recognize that we have to look at each agreement and each country on its own merits, and make sure that we can create the kind of win-win situation that I know President Lee is interested in seeing, as well.

I think that we've got a question.  Julianna.

Q    Thank you, Mr. President, President Lee.  President Obama, it appears that Iran has rejected the international offer on its nuclear problem.  What are the severe consequences that you threaten, and when will we see them? 

And for President Lee, are you willing to open up your market to U.S. automobiles to get the Korean free trade agreement moving again?

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  With respect to Iran, at the beginning of my administration we put in place a policy that we have executed as drawn up over the last several months.  What we said was that we would take a new approach and say to Iran that we are willing to engage them directly; that we would organize the international community around a series of proposals that would permit Iran to show its intentions to give up any nuclear weapon programs and pursue peaceful nuclear energy under the framework of a nonproliferation regime; that even as we were organizing the international community to put forward a fair deal to the Iranians, that we would also move on a dual track and that we weren't going to duplicate what has happened with North Korea in which talks just continue forever without any actual resolution to the issue -- so that we indicated that our offer would be on the table for a certain period of time, and that when that time ran out, we would look at other approaches that would increase pressure on Iran to give up its nuclear weapons program.

Since that time, through the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as the P5-plus-1, we put forward such a proposal, one in which low-enriched uranium could be removed from Iran, processed outside of Iran, returned to them in a way that couldn't be weaponized and used for research purposes. 
The fairness of the deal I think is confirmed by the fact that Russia, China, the other members of the P5-plus-1, as well as Mohamed ElBaredei, the Secretary General of the IAEA, all confirmed that this was a smart, creative proposal that could lead to a path in which Iran was no longer in breach of its international agreements, and that Iran should accept them.

Iran has taken weeks now and has not shown its willingness to say yes to this proposal.  And I have not seen the report that you're referring to today, but we've seen indications that, whether it's for internal political reasons or because they are stuck in some of their own rhetoric, they have been unable to get to yes.

And so as a consequence, we have begun discussions with our international partners about the importance of having consequences; that the dual-track approach requires Iran to get a clear message that when it fails to take advantage of these opportunities, that in fact it is not making itself more secure, it's making itself less secure.  And our expectation is, is that over the next several weeks we will be developing a package of potential steps that we could take that will indicate our seriousness to Iran.

I continue to hold out the prospect that they may decide to walk through this door.  I hope they do.  But what I'm pleased about is the extraordinary international unity that we've seen.  If you think at the beginning of the year how disjointed international efforts were and how uneven perceptions were about Iran's nuclear program and where we are today, I think it's an indication that we've taken the right approach.

PRESIDENT LEE:  With regards to the automobile, in principle I believe in free trade and I believe that the international community must strengthen free trade.  The last two decades or so I think free trade and the movement of goods and services was the driving force behind the development and economic prosperity that we enjoy today. 

But at the same time, I also believe that the global economy should grow in a more sustained and balanced way, as well.  If there are any imbalances between two economies, it should be corrected.  And this is a topic and an agenda that is being discussed within the G20 forum, and this is something that President Obama and I talked about, as well.

For me, Korea and the United States, the facts are clear,
trade imbalances between our two countries is not great.  I think it is safe to say that we have almost a balanced account between Korea and the United States.  Of course, when Korea was a closed economy with protectionist measures, there were some trade imbalances.  But compared to countries like China and Japan, the trade imbalances between our two countries is very miniscule.

And President Obama, as he mentioned in his brief remarks just now, he said that all different economies should be judged on their own merits, and free trade agreements is not an exception.  And he and I had very candid and frank discussions and forward-looking discussions between us today during the meeting on how to move the KORUS FTA forward.  And I very much appreciate President Obama for engaging in such discussions.

In the United States I think there is a misperception that KORUS FTA, once it is passed, that it is somehow going to only benefit Korea and be detrimental to American consumers, which is not true.  Of course there are economic perspectives to take into consideration, but there are -- a much bigger strategic perspective to this.  And I believe overall this is beneficial for both Korea and the United States.

Of course each industry will be impacted differently.  Here in Korea the service sector, the agricultural sector, they are completely against the passage of the KORUS FTA because they lag far behind their American counterparts.  But for us, the Korean government, we view the KORUS FTA in a more comprehensive matter. Overall it is beneficial for us in the long term.

If there is any problems in the automobile sector, like you asked, then we are ready to resolve this issue.  There are other automobile manufacturers, like in the Europeans -- as we all know, they produce a tremendous number of automobiles, and we have a free trade agreement with the 27-member European Union, and we have an agreement which has been signed.  And we are engaging more and more with our European partners.

And so I think we should have more opportunities to talk about these issues with each other.  And on this issue, President Obama and I talked about in detail again how to move forward this agreement.  I believe that, again, this is beneficial for both Korea and the United States.

Thank you.  We will be now concluding the joint press availability between Korea and the U.S. 

END
1:00 P.M. KST

The White House

Office of the First Lady

For Immediate Release
November 18, 2009

Remarks by the First Lady at Tea for Military Women

East Room

2:25 P.M. EST

MRS. OBAMA:  Thank you so much.   Thank you.  Isn't this nice?  (Laughter.)  Just so very nice.

Let me begin by thanking Secretary Napolitano for that very kind introduction and for her outstanding work in keeping this country safe.  She is a true friend and she has been doing an amazing job and we are so proud to have her on our team.

I'd also like to thank to Dr. Jill Biden -- a Blue Star Mom, by the way -- and a dear friend of mine as well.  She has just been a tireless advocate of highlighting the service of the National Guard and Reserve members and families.  It has just been a thrill for me to be able to work with her on this issue and many others.  Jill, thank you for everything you’ve done.

And I also would like to acknowledge Representatives Susan Davis, Gwen Moore, as well as Jan Schakowsky, who are here, for their terrific work and for joining us here today; it's good to see you all.  And I also want to recognize General Cartwright, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, along with the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who are here, and their wonderful wives -- and this wasn’t in the script, but please stand so that we can recognize and thank all of you -- I know you weren't supposed to this, but you can do it, it's my house.  (Applause.)

You know, Jill and I are particularly grateful to the wives of the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff because they have -- from day one we sat down with them and got advice and guidance on sort of how to develop our initiatives.  So we're grateful to you.

And I also want to thank to the senior enlisted advisors who are here today and their wives -- and I'd also like to ask them to stand as well so we can give them a round of applause.  (Applause.)  Thank you so much.

Again, with the spouses, we met with shortly thereafter and we had a terrific conversation.  The guidance that you have given us has meant a great deal.  It's really ensured that the efforts that we've undertaken are substantive and accurate.  So thank you all.  Thank you for your support and thank you for being here today.

Let me also thank Patty Shinseki for her tremendous efforts on behalf of our nation’s military children.  Her husband, Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki, is doing a terrific job and Patty has become just one of my dearest friends and just always a spot of courage in a sea of work.  (Laughter.)  So where's Patty?  Patty, where are you?  Thank you, Patty.  (Applause.)

And if any of you are still wondering why you're here -- (laughter) -- it's not just tea.  You have to thank General Wilma Vaught.  General.  (Applause.)  I had the privilege of meeting this amazing woman at the Women in Military Service Memorial that occurred at Arlington National Cemetery -- when was that?  That was a few months ago.  And as you all know, she has just poured her heart and soul into that memorial, just to ensure that America’s servicewomen receive the recognition that they’ve earned.

And I had a tremendous visit that day and one of the things that she said -- she turned to me -- who was there?  You remember, she said, Eleanor Roosevelt did a tea, and she said something else, and she said, "We're coming for tea, right?"  (Laughter.)  I said, of course we're going to have tea.  And here we are.  So this is why you're here.  (Applause.)  It was an excellent idea -- excellent idea.

But I also want to honor two very special ladies who are here today, and I got to meet them as well, earlier this year:  Esther Corcoran, who was born in 1905 -- I hope you don't mind me telling on you -- (laughter and applause.)  Esther was one of the first women in the Army to achieve the rank of Lieutenant Colonel -- pretty amazing.  (Applause.)  And she is joining us today with Alyce Dixon, who was born in 1907 -- Alyce.  (Applause.)  And Alyce served with the famous 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion during the Second World War.  So let's give them both another round of applause.  (Applause.)

These ladies have contributed a great deal to this country, and while their lives may span a century, they’re both young at heart -- I've talked to them, they're pretty spunky -- (laughter) -- and we are thrilled to have you both here today, thrilled and honored and grateful for your service.

And finally, I want to thank all of you -- all the women who have served this nation with courage, determination, and distinction, from World War II to today in Iraq and Afghanistan.  You have served in times of war and in times of peace -- an all-volunteer force right from the beginning -- part of a proud tradition that stretches back more than two centuries.

Long before women had the right to vote -- long before we even had the right to vote -- or own property, before America even existed, women were serving this country -- facing danger, risking their lives, even dressing up like men so they’d be allowed to serve.

And it’s never been an easy path.  I can only imagine how challenging it has been and continues to be.  I know that some of you have faced skepticism and ridicule.  Some of you had to contend not just with the challenge of doing your jobs, but with others’ perceptions that you weren’t up to the job simply because of your gender.  As Air Force veteran Dr. Donna Loraine put it -- this is a quote -- "To be a success, a woman had to be confident, self-assured, persistent and have a great sense of humor.  At times you had to employ a certain desperate deviousness to get the job done."  (Laughter.)

So maybe you had to work a little harder -- and a little smarter.  You may have felt a little lonely at times.  At times, you may have gotten downright discouraged.  But you stuck it out, each and every one of you.  You found colleagues who supported you -- of all genders and all races and all backgrounds.  You found superiors who pushed you and encouraged you.  And then you rose to the challenge.  You rose and you found opportunities to advance and to build exciting, amazing careers.  And along the way, you all broke one "brass ceiling" after another.

In this room alone, we have the first female four star general.  We have the first woman in the Navy to be promoted to Master Chief.  The first woman in the Army Reserve to be promoted to the general officer rank.  We have the first woman in the Army to receive the Expert Field Medical Badge.  We have the first African American woman to serve as Chief Nurse at Walter Reed Hospital.  And so many more "firsts" and "onlys" -- and that's the result of your hard work and your courage and your persistence.

But we know these achievements aren’t yours alone.  That's something that Jill and I have talked about, we've learned more about over the course of this year, because we know that service doesn’t just end with the person wearing the uniform.  You all know that.  We know that our servicemen and women’s sacrifices are their families’ sacrifices as well.  And many of you have spouses, partners, children, parents who stood by you and encouraged you and prayed for you every step of the way.  And this day is their day too, as far as we're concerned.  So let’s take a moment to recognize those members of our families who supported you in your service as well.  (Applause.)

But I hope you all know that your service -- that your legacy is more than just your own service.  I hope that you know that your legacy will be measured in the service of every woman who follows in the trails that you've blazed -- every woman who benefits from your daring and determination.  It will be measured in the inspiration that you provide to our daughters and our granddaughters -- and to our sons and our grandsons as well.

Because of you, when young women wonder how high they can rise in our military, they can look at General Ann Dunwoody and her four hard earned stars.  That can see that, it's real.  When they ask what kind of jobs they can do, they can look to women like all of you who’ve played just about every kind of role imaginable.  And when they ask whether they can cut it -- whether they have what it takes to succeed -- all they have to do is to look at your lives, to look into your lives and to look at the careers that you've developed that inspire us all.

They can look to the example of Coast Guard Commander Dorothy Stratton, who led the SPARS during World War II.  She stated, "We wanted to serve our country in its time of need."  She said, I'm proud to sponsor -- oh, she didn't say this, but I am proud to sponsor a new Coast Guard cutter bearing her name to ensure that her service will be remembered for generations.  (Applause.)

They can look to Jennifer Grieves, who made history by becoming the first woman Marine One aircraft commander, and by commanding the first-ever flight with an all-female crew -- I remember this -- proudly carrying my husband from the White House to Andrews Air Force Base back in July.  That was a wonderful day.

They can look to Tammy Duckworth, who flew combat missions in Iraq and lost both her legs when her helicopter was hit by a grenade.  She went on to become a fearless advocate for veterans and wounded warriors, and now serves as Assistant Secretary for Public and Intergovernmental Affairs at the Veterans Affairs Department.  Thank you, Tammy.  (Applause.)

And they can look to the example of women like Amy Krueger, who lost her life in the unthinkable violence at Fort Hood two weeks ago.  Amy had enlisted in the Army after the September 11th attacks.  And when her mother told her that she couldn’t take on Osama bin Laden all by herself, Amy replied, simply:  "Watch me."

She said, "Watch me."  And I think that more than anything, that phrase "watch me" sums up the spirit of our women in uniform throughout our history.  When others doubted you, or dismissed you, or questioned whether you could endure the training or complete the mission -- that was your response:  "Watch me."  Right?

Watch me succeed.  Watch me risk everything I have for the country I love.  Watch me do my part to protect this nation and protect this union.  Watch me.

So we thank you for your courage and your service.  We're honored to have you in our presence.  We're thrilled, General, that you came up with this brilliant idea.  (Laughter.)  And we hope that you don't spike the tea until after we leave.  (Laughter.)  But we are thrilled to have you here.  Welcome to the White House and thank you so much for your service.  Thank you and God bless.  (Applause.)

END
2:40 P.M. EST