Office of Science and Technology Policy Blog

Exploring Opportunities for Robotics to Aid in Disease Outbreaks

Robots are working for us every day, in countless ways.  At home, at work, and on the battlefield, robots are increasingly lifting the burdens of tasks that are dull, dirty, or dangerous.

But they could do even more, and that’s why President Obama launched the National Robotics Initiative in 2011 to explore and support the development of future robotics applications. Four agencies (the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, NASA, and the United States Department of Agriculture) are involved and issued a joint solicitation for next-generation robotics.

Earlier this month, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy  convened a workshop at the National Science Foundation focused on applications of robotic technology to large-scale disease outbreaks like the current Ebola crisis. Workshop participants discussed the challenges faced by healthcare and aid workers in responding to the current Ebola crisis both domestically and internationally, to brainstorm ways in which robotic technology could yield short-term solutions, and to identify long-term challenges that can be addressed by National Robotics Initiative (NRI) research over the coming years.  Participants ranged across a number of academic, government, industry, and non-government organizations.

Earth Observations Benefit Nations

Last week, representatives from countries around the world met in Geneva, Switzerland, for the Eleventh Plenary Session of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO-XI).  The intergovernmental Group on Earth Observations (GEO) is a collaborative, multi-national organization created to help connect the thousands of technological tools around the world that measure, monitor, and predict the state of Earth’s land, waters, and atmosphere.

Established in 2005, GEO comprises 95 governments and 77 organizations working together around a guiding principle of open data — a principle that President Obama committed the United States to upholding in a May 2013 Executive Order. This Executive Order calls on all Federal agencies to ensure that new data sets are released in open and machine-readable formats.

Open, machine-readable, and interoperable Earth observation data collected and shared by GEO member nations and organizations is a valuable resource for governments, organizations, researchers, firms, and individuals around the world. Farmers benefit from improved weather systems and crop data, flood managers benefit from improved elevation data, and disaster relief managers benefit from improved mapping of rural landscapes and infrastructure.

Since 2005, the U.S. has had an active leadership role as one of four permanent members of GEO’s Executive Committee.  The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) supports this leadership by working to maximize the public benefits of the Federal government’s investment in civil Earth observation activities. This work is carried out by the National Science and Technology Council’s U.S. Group on Earth Observations (USGEO), an interagency body chaired by OSTP.

USGEO assesses the impact of Earth observation systems, facilitates expanded data sharing, and supports the United States’ international engagement in GEO. USGEO also helps the Federal government maintain and improve its Earth observing systems in ways that help protect life and property, stimulate economic growth, maintain homeland security, and advance scientific research and public understanding. These activities are outlined in the National Plan for Civil Earth Observations, which establishes priorities and supporting actions for advancing the Nation’s civil Earth observations capabilities.

For more information on activities supported by USGEO, click the image above or click here.

Maximizing the value of the Earth observations collected by Federal agencies involves making observation data accessible to users worldwide.  In this spirit, President Obama announced at the recent United Nations Climate Summit that the United States would release elevation data for most of the Earth’s land surfaces. These data will improve understanding of environmental change and societal ecosystem and vulnerability in countries worldwide, and their release underscores the U.S. commitment to address the environmental impacts of extreme weather and climate change.

The U.S. elevation data for most of the African continent were released in September 2014, a move that was welcomed by the international development community then and by GEO-XI delegates this month.  Additional regional data sets will be released periodically over the next year, and the entire global data set will be publicly available by September 2015. 

Through U.S. and international GEO, the United States will work with its domestic and international partners to advance the practical, beneficial use of Earth observations.

Timothy Stryker is Director of the U.S. Group on Earth Observations Program.