Prizes and Challenges
"Government should be collaborative. Collaboration actively engages Americans in the work of their Government. Executive departments and agencies should use innovative tools, methods, and systems to cooperate among themselves, across all levels of Government, and with nonprofit organizations, businesses, and individuals in the private sector."
--President Barack Obama, on his first day as President
Background
Prizes and challenges are competitions among individuals, communities, government entities, businesses, institutions, or non-profit organizations to achieve defined goals in a defined timeframe. They often use cash prizes and other incentives to reach beyond the “usual suspects” and increase the number of problem-solvers addressing a critical issue.
The White House Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation (SICP), in collaboration with the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), works closely with Federal agencies to promote the use of prizes and challenges to engage civic innovators, entrepreneurs, and citizen scientists and solve problems in areas of national priority, including energy, public safety, health, cybersecurity, and infrastructure.
Over the past five years, prize competitions have become a proven way to increase innovation for the public, private, and philanthropic sectors. Today, incentivized, open competition has become a standard tool in every Federal agency’s toolbox for delivering more cost-effective and efficient services and advancing agencies’ core missions. Federal agencies have discovered that prizes and challenges allow them to:
- Pay only for success and establish an ambitious goal without having to predict which team or approach is most likely to succeed.
- Expand the Federal government’s reach to citizen solvers and entrepreneurs of diverse backgrounds, skillsets, and experience.
- Bring out-of-discipline perspectives to bear.
- Increase cost-effectiveness to maximize the return on taxpayer dollars.
- Inspire risk-taking by offering a level playing field through credible rules and robust judging mechanisms.
Launched in 2010, Challenge.gov is a critical component of the Federal government’s use of prize competitions to spur innovation. The site, operated by the General Services Administration, is both an official listing of all Federal challenges and an interactive platform used by government agencies and citizen solvers. As of October 2015, more than 450 challenges have been posted on the site, offering awards exceeding $150 million. See some of the success stories of the past five years, including:
- The Food and Drug Administration recently concluded a competition that sought faster, more precise methods to detect pathogens, such as Salmonella, in food. The first place winner devised faster detection techniques for Salmonella to more quickly find the disease-causing organisms in fresh produce and other food..
- The National Institute of Justice offered a $75,000 prize to developers who could create an app that significantly improved public safety services. The winner created a school emergency screencast application that uses existing camera systems, ultra-high-speed bandwidth, and gunshot detection hardware to report fire immediately to first responders, and allows emergency personnel to identify an active shooter.
- The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Bureau of Reclamation challenged innovators around the world to create cost-effective, energy efficient, sustainable desalination technologies to provide water for people and crops. The winning team designed a solar-powered system that removes salt from water with electricity and uses ultraviolet rays to disinfect the water, showing the potential this approach to be a scalable, sustainable, and affordable desalination technology for rural areas of developing countries.
Policies and Guidance
- Fact Sheet and FAQ on Prize Authority in the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act (OMB, 2012)
- Guidance on the Use of Challenges and Prizes to Promote Open Government (OMB, 2010)
- FAQ on PRA & Prizes and Challenges (OMB, 2010)
- Open Government Directive (OMB, December 8, 2009)
- Strategy for American Innovation (White House, September 2009)
- Department of Health and Human Services: Resources for Challenge Managers at HHS and HHS Secretary’s delegation of authority
- NASA: NASA Policy Directive on Challenges, Prize Competitions, and Crowdsourcing Activities and NASA’s public portal for all prize, challenge and citizen science activities, NASA Solve
- United States Department of Agriculture: Departmental Regulation on Prizes and Challenges
Reports
- Implementation of Federal Prize Authority: Fiscal Year 2014 Process Report (May 2015)
- Implementation of Federal Prize Authority: Fiscal Year 2013 Progress Report (May 2014)
- Implementation of Federal Prize Authority: Fiscal Year 2012 Progress Report (December 2013)
- Initial Report from OSTP to Congress on Prizes and America COMPETES in FY2011 (March 2012)
Blogs
- This October, the White House Celebrates Over $150 Million in Prize Competitions Since 2010 (September 2015, OSTP Blog)
- Accelerating the Use of Prizes to Address Tough Challenges (July 2015, OSTP Blog)
- Not Just a Website: Challenge.gov enables agencies to innovate with incentives (September 2015, GSA Blog)
- Public Sector Prizes and Challenges Show Increased Sophistication, Ambition and Use: A Fiscal Year 2014 Progress Report (May 2015, OSTP Blog)
- 21st Century Public Servants: Using Prizes and Challenges to Spur Innovation (April 2015 OSTP Blog)
- Identifying Steps Forward in Use of Prizes to Spur Innovation (April 2012, OSTP Blog)
- Unleashing Innovation and Deepening Democracy Through Prizes (June 2012, White House Blog)
- Challenge.gov: Two Years and 200 Prizes Later (September 2012, OSTP Blog)
- Audacious Goals in Eye Research (May 2013, OSTP Blog)
- DOE Vehicle Data Challenge Fuels Innovation (April 2013, OSTP Blog)
- Help NASA Power the International Space Station (January 2013, OSTP Blog)
- New Center of Excellence Fuels Prize to Help Modernize Tools for Patent Examination (December 2011, OSTP Blog)
- Congress Grants Broad Prize Authority to All Federal Agencies (December 2010, OSTP Blog)
Questions
- The White House OSTP at challenges@ostp.gov.
- The Challenge.gov program at challenge@gsa.gov.
- The Center of Excellence for Collaborative Innovation: Launched in 2011, CoECI is a NASA-led, Government-wide center that provides agencies with guidance on implementing prize competitions and challenges.