The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

Remarks by the President at Naturalization Ceremony for Active-Duty Service Members

Rose Garden

10:15 A.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT:  Good morning, everybody.  Thank you, Secretary Napolitano, for being here to administer the oath --for making it official.  Thank you, also, for leading our efforts to achieve comprehensive immigration reform so that America keeps faith with our heritage as both a nation of immigrants and a nation of laws.
 
To Director Mayorkas and all the dedicated folks at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, thank you for your help to  these men and women, and so many of our troops, to realize their dreams of citizenship.

We are joined by Congresswoman Susan Davis, Deputy Secretary of Defense Bill Lynn and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Jim “Hoss” Cartwright.

Most of all, to America’s newest citizens -- it is a great honor to serve as your Commander-in-Chief, and it is my greatest pleasure to be among the first to greet you as a “fellow American.”  To you and your families, welcome to the White House.

Today is your day -- a celebration of 24 inspiring men and women and the remarkable journeys that have brought you together on this beautiful spring morning to our nation’s capitol.  The paths that led you here began in more than a dozen countries, from Peru to Poland, from Kenya to the Philippines.

Some of you came to America as children, holding tight to your parents’ hands as you arrived in a new world.  Some of you came as adults, leaving everything you knew behind in pursuit of a new life.  And while your stories are your own, today we celebrate the common spirit that lives within each of you -- a spirit that has renewed and strengthened America for more than two centuries.

We celebrate the love of family -- your moms and dads who were willing to say good-bye to their own families, their own countries, so they could have an opportunity to give you the opportunity you [sic] never had.  Like generations of immigrants before them, they worked hard.  They scrimped and they saved.  They deferred their own dreams so that you could realize yours.  So today is a tribute to their sacrifices as well.  And I would ask that you join me in honoring your moms and dads and the families that helped bring you to this day.  (Applause.)

We celebrate the spirit of possibility -- an ethic that says if you’re willing to put your shoulder to the wheel and apply your God-given talents, if you believe in yourself and you play by the rules, then there is a place for you in the United States of America -- no matter where you come from and no matter what you look like.

It’s the spirit that brought a young woman from the People’s Republic of China and inspired her to enlist in the United States Air Force, where she excels as a material management specialist.  So today we congratulate our fellow citizen, Yu Yuan.  (Applause.)

It’s the spirit that brought a refugee from Ethiopia and led him to enlist in the U.S. Army because, he said, he wanted to give back to the country that “has given me the opportunity to be all that I can be.”  And today we congratulate Berhan Teferi.  (Applause.)

We celebrate the true meaning of patriotism -- the love of a country that’s so strong that these men and women were willing to risk their lives to defend our country even before they could call it their own.

It’s a patriotism of a daughter of Mexico, who came to America in those first terrible days after 9/11, joined the U.S. Navy and says, “I take pride in our flag and the history that forged this great nation and the history we write day by day.”  So today we congratulate Perla Ramos.  (Applause.)

And it’s the patriotism of a young man from Papua New Guinea, who joined the United States Marine Corps and deployed to Iraq -- not once, not twice, but three times.  Asked why he would choose to become an American citizen, he said simply, “I might as well.  I love this country already.”  And so we congratulate Granger Michael.  (Applause.)

The four of you can sit down.  You represent not only the branch of the Armed Services that you are a part of, but also the other members who are your fellow citizens here today, and we thank you very much.  We’re grateful to you.  (Applause.)

In short, today we celebrate the very essence of the country that we all love -- an America where so many of our forbearers came from someplace else; a society that’s been enriched by traditions and cultures from every corner of the world; a dynamic economy that’s constantly renewed by the talents and energies of each new citizen; and a people who understand that citizenship is not just a collection of rights, but it’s also a set of responsibilities.

Like so many others, these men and women met their responsibilities.  They played by the rules.  They have earned their citizenship.  And so on a day like this, we are also reminded of how we must remain both a nation of immigrants and a nation of laws.  This includes fixing America’s broken immigration system.

Over the years, many have attempted to confront this challenge, but passions are great and disagreements run deep.  Yet surely we can all agree that when 11 million people in our country are living here illegally, outside the system, that’s unacceptable.  The American people demand and deserve a solution.  And they deserve common-sense, comprehensive immigration reform grounded in the principles of responsibility and accountability.

Government has a responsibility to enforce the law and secure our borders and set clear rules and priorities for future immigration.  And under Secretary Napolitano’s leadership at the Department of Homeland Security, that’s exactly what we’re doing.  We’ve strengthened security at our borders, ports and airports and we will continue to do so, because America’s borders must be secure.  That’s part of what these young people here today stand for.

Businesses have a responsibility to obey the law and not undermine American workers, especially when so many Americans are out of work.  Many businesses work to comply with the law every day.  But for those that don’t -- those that ignore the law and exploit and abuse vulnerable workers and try to gain an unfair advantage over all the businesses that do follow the law -- we will hold them accountable.

And people who are in America illegally have a responsibility -- to pay their back taxes and admit responsibility for breaking the law, pay a penalty, learn English, pass criminal background checks, and get right with the law -- or face removal -- before they can get in line and eventually earn their citizenship.

So responsibility.  Accountability.  Common-sense, comprehensive immigration reform.  I thank Secretary Napolitano for helping to lead our efforts, both on and off Capitol Hill.  And I thank Senators Schumer and Graham for working with us to forge a bipartisan consensus on a framework for moving forward, and I welcome the commitment of House and Senate Democratic leaders to take action.

I’ll continue to consult with Democrats and Republicans in Congress, and I would note that 11 current Republican Senators voted to pass immigration reform four years ago.  I’m hopeful that they will join with Democrats in doing so again so we can make the progress the American people deserve.

Indeed, our failure to act responsibly at the federal level will only open the door to irresponsibility by others.  And that includes, for example, the recent efforts in Arizona, which threatened to undermine basic notions of fairness that we cherish as Americans, as well as the trust between police and their communities that is so crucial to keeping us safe.

In fact, I’ve instructed members of my administration to closely monitor the situation and examine the civil rights and other implications of this legislation.  But if we continue to fail to act at a federal level, we will continue to see misguided efforts opening up around the country.

As a nation, as a people, we can choose a different future -- a future that keeps faith with our history, with our heritage, and with the hope that America has always inspired in the hearts of people all over the world.  For just as each of these 24 new citizens once cast their eyes upon our country from afar, so too, somewhere in the world today is a young boy or a young girl wondering if they, too, might someday share in America’s promise.

In the example of these new citizens, and in the actions we take as a nation, let us offer our answer, with confidence and optimism.  Yes, there is a place called America that still welcomes those “yearning to breathe free.”  A country where if you work hard and meet your responsibilities, you can pursue your dreams.  A society where out of many, we are one -- “one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.”

That’s the promise of America.  That is the spirit that all of you are renewing here today.  We are incredibly proud of you, God bless you, and may God bless the United States of America.  (Applause.)

Now, we have one other piece of business.  Would Sergeant Ledum Ndaanee please come forward.  There he is.  How are you, sir?

SERGEANT NDAANEE:  Hello, sir.

THE PRESIDENT:  Growing up in Nigeria, Ledum probably never imagined he’d be standing on this stage today.

SERGEANT NDAANEE:  That’s right, sir.

THE PRESIDENT:  Neither did I.  (Laughter.)  But thanks to the generosity of churches in Virginia, he and his parents found a home in the United States.  And Ledum, who says “I always wanted to be in the military,” found his calling in the United States Marine Corps.

He deployed to Iraq, and was serving his second tour when his unit was struck by an improvised explosive device.  In the weeks and months that followed, he battled to recover from traumatic brain injury.  At a VA medical center, with his parents at his side, he was presented a Purple Heart.  And a few moments later, he was sworn in as an American citizen.

This Marine was not only determined to recover, he was determined to help others.  He has been a leader and mentor to his fellow wounded warriors.  In fact, I hear he’s quite an athlete --

SERGEANT NDAANEE:  Yes, sir.

THE PRESIDENT:  -- he agrees.  (Laughter.)  He will compete next month in the first Warrior Games at the U.S. Olympic training center in Colorado.

So for his distinguished service to country, and for inspiring us all with his example of what citizenship truly means, I am proud to join the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services in presenting this recognition -- the “Outstanding American by Choice” award -- to Sergeant Ledum Ndaanee.  Do we have the award?  (Applause.)

(The award is presented.)
 
With that, I’d ask Sergeant Ndaanee to conclude our ceremony by leading us all in the Pledge of Allegiance.             

(The Pledge of Allegiance is recited.)

Thank you, everybody.  (Applause.)

END
10:27 A.M. EDT

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

Declaraciones del Presidente durante Ceremonia de Naturalización para Miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas

Jardín de Rosas
 
10:15 A.M. EDT

EL PRESIDENTE: Buenos días a todos. Gracias, secretaria Napolitano por venir a tomar el juramento, para hacerlo oficial. Gracias, también, por encabezar nuestros esfuerzos por lograr la reforma integral de la inmigración para que Estados Unidos siga fiel a nuestra herencia como nación de inmigrantes y nación cumplidora de la ley.
 
Al director Mayorkas y a todo el dedicado personal del Servicio de Inmigración y Ciudadanía de Estados Unidos (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services), gracias por ayudar a estos hombres y mujeres, y a tantos de nuestros soldados a hacer realidad su sueño de la ciudadanía.
 
Nos acompaña la congresista Susan Davis, el subsecretario de Defensa Bill Lynn y el subjefe del Comando Conjunto, el general Jim “Hoss” Cartwright.
 
Y lo más importante, a los más recientes ciudadanos de Estados Unidos, es un gran honor ser su Comandante en Jefe, y es un placer para mí estar entre los primeros en saludarlos como “mis conciudadanos”. A ustedes y sus familiares, les doy la bienvenida a la Casa Blanca.
 
Hoy es su día, una celebración para 24 hombres y mujeres que son fuente de inspiración, y los impresionantes senderos que los trajeron esta hermosa mañana de primavera aquí a la capital de nuestra nación. Los senderos que los trajeron aquí empezaron en más de una docena de países, desde Perú hasta Polonia, desde Kenia hasta las Filipinas.
 
Algunos de ustedes vinieron a Estados Unidos de niños y llegaron a un nuevo mundo de la mano de sus padres. Algunos de ustedes vinieron de adultos, dejando atrás todo lo que conocían en busca de una nueva vida. Y aunque sus historias son propias, hoy celebramos el espíritu compartido que vive en cada uno de ustedes, un espíritu que ha renovado y fortalecido a Estados Unidos por más de dos siglos.
 
Celebramos el amor familiar, pues sus padres estuvieron dispuestos a despedirse de su propia familia, su propio país, para tener la oportunidad de darles oportunidades a ustedes que ellos jamás tuvieron. Al igual que las generaciones de inmigrantes que los precedieron, trabajaron arduamente. Fueron frugales y ahorraron. Se privaron de mucho para que a ustedes no les faltara nada. Pospusieron sus propios sueños para que ustedes pudieran hacer realidad los suyos. Así que hoy también es un tributo a sus sacrificios. Y les pido que me acompañen en nuestro homenaje a sus padres y familiares que los ayudaron a llegar a este día. (Aplausos.)
 
Celebramos el espíritu de que todo es posible, un sistema que dice que si están dispuestos a poner el hombro y trabajar y utilizar los talentos que Dios les dio, si confían en sí mismos y siguen las reglas, entonces hay un lugar para ustedes en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Sin importar de dónde vengan. Sin importar la apariencia.
 
Ese espíritu trajo a una joven de la República Popular China y la inspiró a enlistarse en la Fuerza Aérea de Estados Unidos, donde sobresale como especialista en manejo de materiales. Y ahora felicitamos a nuestra conciudadana Yu Yuan. (Aplausos.)

Es el espíritu que trajo a un refugiado de Etiopía y lo llevó a enlistarse en el Ejército de Estados Unidos porque, según dijo, quería contribuir al país que “le dio la oportunidad de alcanzar su pleno potencial”. Y hoy felicitamos a Berhan Teferi. (Aplausos.)
 
Celebramos el verdadero significado de patriotismo, un amor tan fuerte y tan profundo por este país que estos hombres y mujeres estaban dispuestos a arriesgar la vida para defender a nuestro país incluso antes de poder llamarlo patria.
 
Es el patriotismo de una hija de México, que vino a Estados Unidos en esos terribles días iniciales posteriores al 11 de septiembre, que se incorporó a la Marina de Estados Unidos y dice: “Me enorgullezco de nuestra bandera y la historia que forjó a esta gran nación y la historia que escribimos día a día”. Hoy felicitamos a Perla Ramos. (Aplausos.)
 
Y es el patriotismo de un joven de Papúa-Nueva Guinea, que entró a la Infantería de Marina de Estados Unidos, y fue movilizado a Irak, no sólo una ni dos veces, sino tres veces. Cuando le preguntaron por qué decidió hacerse ciudadano estadounidense, dijo simplemente: “Más me vale, porque ya amo a este país”. Y felicitamos a Granger Michael. (Aplausos.)

Los cuatro pueden tomar asiento. Representan no solo al departamento de las fuerzas armadas al que pertenecen, sino también a los otros miembros que son sus conciudadanos hoy, y les agradecemos mucho. Estamos agradecidos con ustedes. (Aplausos.)
 
En pocas palabras, hoy celebramos la esencia misma del país que todos amamos. Un Estados Unidos donde tantos de nuestros antepasados vinieron de alguna otra parte. Una sociedad que se ha enriquecido con tradiciones y culturas provenientes de todos los rincones del planeta. Una economía dinámica y constantemente renovada por el talento y la energía de cada nuevo ciudadano. Y un pueblo que comprende que la ciudadanía no sólo es un conjunto de derechos, sino un conjunto de deberes.
 
Como tantos otros, estos hombres y mujeres cumplieron con sus responsabilidades. Obedecieron las reglas. Se ganaron la ciudadanía. Y entonces, en un día como éste, eso nos recuerda de que debemos seguir siendo una nación de inmigrantes y una nación cumplidora de las leyes. Eso incluye arreglar el sistema de inmigración de Estados Unidos, que está quebrado.
 
En el transcurso de los años, muchos han intentado acometer este desafío. Pero las opiniones son apasionadas. El desacuerdo es profundo. Sin embargo, seguro que todos podemos estar de acuerdo en que el hecho de que 11 millones de personas vivan ilegalmente en nuestro país, fuera del sistema, es inaceptable. El pueblo estadounidense exige y merece una solución. Merecen una reforma integral de inmigración de sentido común, que se base en los principios de responsabilidad y rendición de cuentas.
 
El gobierno tiene la responsabilidad de verificar el cumplimiento de la ley, asegurar nuestras fronteras y establecer un claro conjunto de medidas y prioridades para la inmigración futura. Y bajo el liderazgo de la secretaria Napolitano en el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional, eso es precisamente lo que estamos haciendo. Hemos fortalecido la seguridad en nuestras fronteras, puertos y aeropuertos, y seguiremos haciéndolo. Porque las fronteras de Estados Unidos deben estar seguras. Eso en parte es lo que representan estos jóvenes aquí hoy.
 
Los negocios tienen la responsabilidad de obedecer la ley y no perjudicar a los trabajadores estadounidenses, especialmente cuando tantos estadounidenses han perdido su trabajo. Muchas empresas se esfuerzan por cumplir con la ley todos los días. Pero a las que no, las que hacen caso omiso de la ley y explotan y abusan de trabajadores vulnerables, que tratan de adquirir una ventaja injusta con respecto a todas las empresas que siguen la ley, las haremos responsables.
 
Y las personas que están aquí en Estados Unidos ilegalmente tienen la responsabilidad de pagar los impuestos que adeudan, admitir responsabilidad por trasgredir la ley, pagar una multa, aprender inglés, demostrar que no tienen antecedentes penales, además de conformarse a la ley, o arriesgar la deportación, antes de poderse poner en fila para eventualmente obtener su ciudadanía.
 
Entonces responsabilidad. Rendición de cuentas. Una reforma integral de inmigración de sentido común. Le agradezco a la secretaria Napolitano por ayudar a encabezar nuestros esfuerzos, tanto dentro como fuera del Capitolio. Les agradezco a los senadores Schumer y Graham por trabajar con nosotros para forjar un consenso entre los dos partidos sobre un marco para avanzar, y acojo con beneplácito el compromiso de los líderes del Senado y la Cámara de Representantes de tomar acción.
 
Seguiré conferenciando con demócratas y republicanos en el Congreso, y quiero recalcar que once de los actuales senadores republicanos votaron a favor de la reforma de inmigración hace cuatro años. Y tengo la esperanza de que se unirán a los demócratas otra vez para alcanzar los logros que los estadounidenses merecen.
 
De hecho, nuestra inhabilidad de actuar responsablemente al nivel federal sólo le abrirá las puertas a la irresponsabilidad de otros. Y esto incluye, por ejemplo, los esfuerzos recientes en Arizona, que amenazan con socavar los conceptos fundamentales que valoramos los estadounidenses de lo que es justo, además de socavar la confianza entre la policía y sus comunidades, algo tan crucial para mantenernos seguros.

De hecho, he dado instrucciones a los miembros de mi gobierno para que vigilen de cerca la situación y examinen los derechos civiles y otras implicancias de esta ley. Pero si nuestra falta de acción a nivel federal continúa, vamos a seguir viendo el inicio de esfuerzos desacertados alrededor del país.
 
Como nación, como pueblo, podemos escoger un futuro diferente, un futuro fiel a nuestra historia, nuestra herencia y a la esperanza que Estados Unidos siempre ha inspirado en el corazón de los pueblos de todo el mundo. Porque así como alguna vez estos 24 nuevos ciudadanos miraron desde lejos hacia nuestro país, así también, en algún lugar del mundo, hay un niño o niña preguntándose hoy si ellos también, algún día, compartirán la promesa de Estados Unidos.
 
En el ejemplo de estos nuevos ciudadanos, y en las acciones que realizamos como nación, ofrezcamos nuestra respuesta con confianza y optimismo. Sí, hay un lugar llamado Estados Unidos que aún acoge a quienes “anhelan respirar la libertad”. Un país donde, si se esfuerzan y cumplen con sus responsabilidades, pueden hacer realidad sus sueños. Una sociedad donde gente de muchas naciones, se convierte en una, “una nación ante Dios, indivisible, con libertad y justicia para todos”.
 
Ésa es la promesa de Estados Unidos. Ustedes renuevan esa promesa hoy. Estamos increíblemente orgullosos de ustedes, que Dios los bendiga y que Dios bendiga a Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. (Aplausos.)
 
Ahora, tenemos una función más. Por favor, que se aproxime el sargento Ledum Ndaanee. Ahí está. ¿Cómo está, caballero?
 
SARGENTO NDAANEE: Hola, señor.

EL PRESIDENTE: Ledum creció en Nigeria, y probablemente nunca imaginó que estaría parado hoy en este estrado.

SARGENTO NDAANEE: Así lo es, señor.

EL PRESIDENTE: Yo tampoco. (Risas.) Pero gracias a la generosidad de iglesias en Virginia, él y sus padres encontraron un hogar en Estados Unidos. Y Ledum, que dijo “siempre quise ser militar”, encontró su vocación en la Infantería de Marina.

Fue movilizado a Irak y estaba en su segundo periodo de servicio cuando su unidad fue atacada por un dispositivo explosivo improvisado. En las semanas y meses siguientes, luchó por recuperarse de un traumatismo cerebral. En el Centro para Veteranos, acompañado por sus padres, recibió el Corazón Púrpura. Y pocos momentos después, juramentó como ciudadano estadounidense.
 
Este infante de Marina no sólo estaba decidido a recuperarse, sino decidido a ayudar a otros. Ha sido un líder y consejero para otros colegas heridos. De hecho, he escuchado que es un atleta sobresaliente --

SARGENTEO NDAANEE: Si, señor.

EL PRESIDENTE: -- está de acuerdo. (Risas.) Competirá el mes próximo en los primeros Juegos de las Fuerzas Armadas (Warrior Games) que se llevarán a cabo en el centro de entrenamiento olímpico de Estados Unidos en Colorado.
 
Entonces por sus servicios distinguidos al país, por inspirarnos a todos con el ejemplo de lo que verdaderamente significa la ciudadanía, me enorgullece unirme al Servicio de Inmigración y Ciudadanía de Estados Unidos para otorgarle este reconocimiento del premio “sobresaliente estadounidense por opción” al sargento Ledum Ndaanee. ¿Tenemos el premio?
 
     (Se presenta el premio)

Y así, le pido al sargento Ndaanee que concluya nuestra ceremonia pronunciando el Juramento de Fidelidad.

(Se pronuncia el Juramento de Fidelidad.)

Gracias a todos. (Aplausos.)
 
 

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

Remarks by the President at Earth Day Reception

Rose Garden

5:20 P.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT:  Hello, everybody!  (Applause.)  How are you? This is a good-looking crowd.  (Laughter.)  Thank you so much, everybody, for coming. 

Today we celebrate 40 years of Earth Day.  Now, obviously Earth has been around longer than that.  (Laughter.)  But we have been celebrating Earth Day for 40 years -– which was a bright moment in our nation’s history and a milestone in the ongoing fight to protect our environment.

Many of you know the history.  In 1970, a senator from Wisconsin named Gaylord Nelson -- (applause) -- hired a young graduate student named Dennis Hayes –- who is with us today.  Where’s Dennis?  There he is.  (Applause.)  He still looks like  a young graduate student.  (Laughter.)  And so Dennis helped to coordinate the first Earth Day.  And together, they raised their voices and called on every American to take action on behalf of our environment.

And in the four decades since, millions of Americans have heeded that call and joined together to protect the planet.  And we’ve made immense progress since that day –- from the landmark legislation of the 1970s, the Clean Air and the Clean Water Act, to the conservation of America’s precious landscapes. 

I know that many of you have played an important role at one stage or another in these victories, and their impact can be felt today and will be felt tomorrow.  And as a parent, I'm grateful for the good fight that so many of you have fought because it means that I'm going to be able to pass on to Malia and Sasha and maybe some grandchildren down the line this incredible bounty not only of the United States of America, but the world as a whole.

And along the way, Earth Day has become much more than a date on the calendar.  It’s come to represent the simple truth that with each challenge comes the opportunity to make the world a better place.

So since taking office, we have seized that opportunity.  With your help, we’ve made a historic investment in clean energy that will not only create the jobs of tomorrow, but will also lay the foundation for long-term economic growth.  We’ve continued to invest in innovators and entrepreneurs who want to unleash the next wave of clean energy.  We’ve strengthened our investment in our most precious resources -- the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the parks and public spaces that we enjoy.

And together, we’ve also renewed our commitment to passing a comprehensive energy and climate bill that will safeguard our planet, and spur innovation and help us to compete in the 21st century.  (Applause.) 

So looking out into the Rose Garden today, we see a lot of people who will help us achieve these goals:  the business owners who know that protecting our environment is good for business; the members of Congress who are helping to carry us along in the House and the Senate; the members of my Green Cabinet who are helping to shape the policies that we’re fighting for; and the environmental leaders who are on the ground fighting each and every day because they understand what’s at stake.

So together, you represent what I believe is most inspiring about Earth Day, and that is the belief that each of us individually, from different backgrounds and different walks of life, have the capacity to make an enormous difference. 

I think we all understand that the task ahead is daunting; that the work ahead will not be easy and it’s not going to happen overnight.  It’s going to take your leadership.  It’s going to take all of your ideas.  And it will take all of us coming together in the spirit of Earth Day -- not only on Earth Day but every day -- to make the dream of a clean energy economy and a clean world a reality.  I’m confident, though, that we can do it. And I want to thank all of you for your support, your counsel, your occasional grumbling -- (laughter) -- and your dedication, because without you we couldn’t accomplish everything that needs to be accomplished. 

So thank you very much, everybody.  Enjoy the Rose Garden.  Thank you.  (Applause.) 

END
5:27 P.M. EDT

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

Declaraciones del Presidente Sobre Reforma de Wall Street

Cooper Union, Ciudad de Nueva York, Nueva York

11:50 A.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT:  Muchas gracias. Por favor tomen asiento todos. Muchas gracias. Bueno, gracias. Es un placer estar de regreso. (Aplausos.)Es un placer estar de regreso en Nueva York, es un placer estar de regreso en la Sala Mayor de Cooper Union. (Aplausos.)

Tenemos a algunos invitados especiales aquí a quienes quiero reconocer. La Congresista Carolyn Maloney está presente. (Aplausos.) El Gobernador David Paterson está presente. (Aplausos.) El Fiscal General Andrew Cuomo. (Aplausos.) El Controlador del Estado Thomas DiNapoli está presente. (Aplausos.) El Alcalde de la Ciudad de Nueva York Michael Bloomberg. (Aplausos.) El Dr. George Campbell, Jr., presidente de Cooper Union. (Aplausos.) Y todos los funcionarios de toda la ciudad que están aquí. Muchas gracias por asistir.

Es un placer estar de regreso en Cooper Union, donde varias generaciones de líderes y ciudadanos han venido a defender sus ideas y comparar sus discrepancias . También es un placer estar en la parte sur de Manhattan, a pocas cuadras de Wall Street. (Risas.) En serio es un placer estar de regreso, porque Wall Street es el corazón del sector financiero de nuestro país.
 
Desde que hablé aquí hace dos años, nuestro país ha pasado por momentos muy difíciles. Más de 8 millones de personas han perdido su trabajo. Innumerables pequeñas empresas tuvieron que cerrar. Billones de dólares en ahorros se perdieron, lo que obligó a las personas mayores a postergar su jubilación, a los jóvenes a posponer sus estudios y a los empresarios a renunciar al sueño de empezar su propio negocio. Y como nación, nos vimos obligados a tomar medidas sin precedente para rescatar al sistema financiero y a la economía en general.

Y como resultado de las decisiones que tomamos, algunas de ellas impopulares, estamos viendo indicios esperanzadores. Hace poco más de un año, estábamos perdiendo un promedio de 750,000 empleos por mes. Hoy, Estados Unidos nuevamente está generando empleos. Hace un año, la economía perdía fuerza rápidamente. Hoy, hay crecimiento económico. De hecho, hemos visto la más rápida transformación económica en cuanto al crecimiento en casi tres décadas.
 
Pero ustedes están aquí y yo estoy aquí porque queda mucho por hacer. Hasta que este progreso no sólo lo sienta Wall Street, sino también el estadounidense promedio, no podemos estar satisfechos. Hasta que millones de nuestros vecinos que buscan trabajo no puedan encontrar un empleo, hasta que las remuneraciones no aumenten a un ritmo significativo, podremos hablar de recuperación pero no nos habremos recuperado. Incluso mientras tratamos de impulsar la economía, nos corresponde reconstruirla de manera que sea más sólida que antes. No queremos una economía que tenga las mismas debilidades que llevaron a esta crisis. Eso significa abordar algunos de los problemas subyacentes que, para comenzar, llevaron a estos problemas y devastación.

Uno de los factores que más contribuyó a esta recesión fue una crisis financiera de tal gravedad que no se había visto en varias generaciones – por lo menos desde los años 1930. Y esa crisis se originó en una falta de responsabilidad, desde Wall Street a Washington, que arrasó con muchas de las firmas financieras más grandes del mundo y estuvo a punto de arrastrar a nuestra economía a una segunda Gran Depresión.
 
Mencioné esa falta de responsabilidad cuando vine a Nueva York hace más de dos años, antes de que se manifestara lo peor de la crisis. Eso fue en el 2007. Y no me satisface tener que decir que los eventos posteriores corroboraron mis comentarios. Pero repito lo que dije entonces, pues es esencial que aprendamos las lecciones de esta crisis para que no nos condenemos a repetirla. Y no nos engañemos: eso es exactamente lo que pasará si dejamos pasar este momento... y ese es un desenlace inaceptable para mí y para ustedes, el pueblo estadounidense. (Aplausos.)
 
Como dije dos años atrás en este recinto: creo en el poder del libre mercado. Creo en un sólido sector financiero que ayude a la gente a reunir capital y conseguir préstamos e invertir sus ahorros. Eso es parte de lo que ha permitido que Estados Unidos sea lo que es. Pero nunca se pretendió que el libre mercado tuviera carta blanca para hacer lo que le diera la gana, como le diera la gana. Y esto fue lo que sucedió con demasiada frecuencia en los años anteriores a la crisis. Algunos -- y permítanme ser claro, no todos -- pero algunos en Wall Street olvidaron que detrás de cada dólar invertido o prestado, hay una familia que desea comprar una casa, pagar la universidad, abrir un negocio o ahorrar para su jubilación. Lo que pasa en Wall Street tiene consecuencias reales en todo el país, en toda nuestra economía.

He hablado antes de la necesidad de sentar nuevos cimientos para el crecimiento económico en el siglo XXI. Y dada la importancia del sector financiero, la reforma de Wall Street es una parte absolutamente esencial de esos cimientos. Sin ellos, nuestra casa seguirá construida sobre arena deleznable, y las familias, empresas y la economía mundial seguirán siendo vulnerables a crisis futuras. Por eso estoy tan convencido de la necesidad de poner en vigor un conjunto de normas actualizadas y de sentido común para asegurar que Wall Street rinda cuentas y proteger a los consumidores en nuestro sistema financiero. (Aplausos.)
 
Esta es la buena noticia. Se ha aprobado un plan integral para lograr estas reformas en la Cámara de Representantes. En estos momentos, se está debatiendo una versión en el Senado, se están escuchando ideas de demócratas y republicanos. Ambos proyectos de ley representan una mejora significativa a las defectuosas normas que tenemos en la actualidad, a pesar de los acérrimos esfuerzos de los cabilderos del sector para ajustarlos a sus intereses particulares.

Y estoy seguro de que muchos de esos cabilderos trabajan para algunos de ustedes del sector financiero y que están haciendo el trabajo por el que se les pagó. Pero estoy aquí en particular hoy -- a hablar con los gigantes de la industria aquí -- porque quiero exhortarlos a que se nos unan en este esfuerzo en lugar de oponerse a él. (Aplausos.) Estoy aquí porque considero que estas reformas son, a fin de cuentas, no sólo beneficiosas para nuestro país sino beneficiosas para nuestro sector financiero. Y estoy aquí para explicarles de qué se trata la reforma y su importancia.
 
En primer lugar, el proyecto de ley que se está debatiendo en el Senado crearía lo que no teníamos antes: una manera de proteger al sistema financiero, la economía en general y a los contribuyentes estadounidenses en caso de que una gran firma financiera empiece a caer. Si hay un Lehmans o un AIG, ¿cómo podemos responder de tal manera que no resulte en que los contribuyentes tengan que pagar los platos rotos, o como alternativa, pueda resultar en el colapso del sistema entero?

Si un banco local típico se acerca a la insolvencia, tenemos un proceso, un proceso ordenado, dentro de la Corporación de Seguro Federal para Depósitos (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation o FDIC) que asegura a los ahorristas y preserva la confianza en el sistema bancario. Y funciona. Los consumidores y contribuyentes están protegidos, y los propietarios y administradores pierden sus activos. Pero no tenemos ningún proceso que tiene como propósito contener la quiebra de una firma tipo Lehman Brothers ni de ninguna de las firmas más grandes e interconectadas de nuestro país.
 
Por eso, cuando empezó esta crisis, fue necesario tomar, con prisa y de madrugada, importantes decisiones sobre el futuro de algunas de las compañías más grandes del mundo, compañías que empleaban a decenas de miles de personas y controlaban cientos de miles de millones de dólares en activos. Por eso, para salvar a la economía entera de una catástrofe aun peor, tuvimos que hacer uso de dinero de los contribuyentes. Y aunque gran parte de ese dinero ya ha sido devuelto –y mi gobierno ha propuesto una cuota a pagar por las grandes firmas financieras para recuperar el resto– nunca se ha debido someter al pueblo estadounidense a esta situación, en primer lugar. (Aplausos.)
 
Por esta razón necesitamos un sistema que cierre estas firmas con el menor daño colateral a gente y empresas inocentes. Y desde un inicio, he insistido en que el sector financiero, y no los contribuyentes, asuman los costos en caso de que una gran compañía financiera fracase. El objetivo es asegurarnos de que los contribuyentes nunca más tengan que pagar los platos rotos porque se considera que una firma es “demasiado grande para quebrar”.
 
Bien, se está dando un debate legítimo sobre cómo se puede proteger mejor a los contribuyentes en este proceso. Y ese es un debate legítimo, y le doy la bienvenida. Pero lo que no es legítimo es insinuar que estamos permitiendo o alentando futuros rescates financieros, como algunos han afirmado. Eso tal vez suene bien en el noticiero, pero no se ajusta a los hechos. No es cierto. (Aplausos.) De hecho, el sistema actual -- el sistema actual es lo que llevó a una serie de rescates financieros masivos y costosos para los contribuyentes. Y sólo una reforma podrá evitarnos un desenlace similar en el futuro. En pocas palabras, un voto a favor de la reforma es un voto para acabar con los rescates financieros con dinero de los contribuyentes. Ésa es la verdad. Punto. Y nadie debe ser engañado en este debate. (Aplausos.)
 
A propósito, estos cambios tienen el beneficio adicional de crear incentivos dentro del sector para asegurar que ninguna compañía vuelva a ser una amenaza para la economía entera.

Con ese fin, el proyecto de ley también pondrá en vigor lo que se llama la Norma Volcker, y hay un tipo alto sentado aquí en primera fila, Paul Volcker -- (aplausos) -- de donde viene el nombre. Y hace algo bastante simple. Establece límites al tamaño de los bancos y a los tipos de riesgo que las instituciones bancarias pueden asumir. Esto no sólo será una salvaguarda para nuestro sistema en caso de crisis, sino que también hará que nuestro sistema sea más sólido y más competitivo al infundir confianza aquí a nivel nacional y a nivel mundial. Los mercados dependen de esa confianza. Los problemas de los últimos años fueron causados en parte porque, a falta de normas claras y prácticas cabales, la gente no confiaba en que nuestro sistema fuera seguro para invertir u otorgar préstamos. Y como hemos visto, eso nos perjudica a todos.

Así que al poner en vigor estas reformas, ayudaremos a asegurar que nuestro sistema financiero y nuestra economía continúen siendo la envidia del mundo. Eso es lo primero, asegurar que podamos cerrar una compañía si se mete en problemas sin dar de baja al sistema entero o forzar a los contribuyentes a cubrir el costo del rescate.

En segundo lugar, la reforma llevará nueva transparencia a muchos mercados financieros. Como saben, parte de esta crisis fue causada por firmas como AIG y otras que hacían apuestas enormes y riesgosas, usando derivativos y otros complejos instrumentos financieros sin rendir cuentas y contra todo sentido común. De hecho, muchas prácticas eran tan enmarañadas y complejas que pocos dentro de esas mismas compañías, y ninguno de los encargados de supervisarlas, estaban plenamente informados de los enormes riesgos asumidos. Eso fue lo que llevó a Warren Buffet a describir esos derivativos que se vendían y compraban con mínima supervisión como “armas financieras de destrucción masiva”. Así es como el lo dijo. Y por eso la reforma evitará los excesos y ayudará a asegurar que este tipo de transacciones tengan lugar con total transparencia.
 
Ha habido gran preocupación acerca de estos cambios. Así que deseo reiterarles esto: hay un papel legítimo para estos instrumentos financieros dentro de nuestra economía. Ayudan a minimizar los riesgos e incentivan la inversión. Y hay muchas compañías que utilizan estos instrumentos con ese fin legítimamente: para manejar el riesgo por fluctuación de precios, monedas y mercados. Por ejemplo, una empresa puede protegerse contra el aumento de precios del petróleo comprando un producto financiero que le asegure costos estables en combustibles. Así que una aerolínea puede tener un interés en fijar un precio aceptable. Se supone que los mercados deben funcionar así. El problema es que estos mercados operaban furtivamente en nuestra economía, invisibles a las entidades normativas y el público. Y la imprudencia era generalizada. El riesgo asumido se fue acumulando tanto que amenazó la totalidad del sistema financiero.
 
Y por eso estas reformas están concebidas para respetar actividades legítimas, pero evitar riesgos imprudentes. Y por eso queremos asegurar que los productos financieros como los derivativos estandarizados se negocien abiertamente, con pleno conocimiento de las empresas, inversionistas y los encargados de supervisarlas.

Me animó ver que un senador republicano se unió a los demócratas esta semana cuando se avanzó este tema. Eso es un buen indicio. (Aplausos.) Eso es un buen indicio. Pues si no actuamos, vamos a seguir viendo lo que viene a ser un operativo de apuestas con mínima supervisión y alto endeudamiento en nuestro sistema financiero, lo que pone en peligro a los contribuyentes y la economía. Y las únicas personas que deben temerle a este tipo de supervisión y transparencia son quienes cuya conducta no resistiría el escrutinio.
 
En tercer lugar, este plan pondría en vigor las mayores medidas de protección al consumidor en la historia. Esto es definitivamente necesario, pues esta crisis financiera no sólo fue el resultado de decisiones tomadas en las suites ejecutivas de Wall Street, sino el resultado de decisiones tomadas en los comedores de todo Estados Unidos, por gente que sacaba hipotecas, tarjetas de crédito y préstamos para autos. Y si bien es cierto que muchos estadounidenses asumieron obligaciones financieras que sabían, o debieron saber, que estaban fuera de su alcance, es obvio que millones de personas fueron estafadas. Los confundieron con condiciones engañosas, bien escondidas en la letra menuda.
 
Y si bien unas pocas compañías sacaron gran provecho de explotar a sus clientes, toda la economía quedó más vulnerable. Millones de personas perdieron su casa, y decenas de millones sufrieron la devaluación de su vivienda. Casi todos los sectores de nuestra economía han sentido el golpe: quienes pavimentan senderos en Arizona o venden casas en Ohio, quienes remodelan viviendas en California o quienes usan su propiedad inmobiliaria como colateral para empezar una pequeña empresa en Florida.

Por eso debemos brindarles a los consumidores más protección y poder en nuestro sistema financiero. No es cuestión de reprimir la competencia ni innovación. Todo lo contrario: con una agencia dedicada a formular normas básicas y velar por los intereses de la gente promedio en nuestro sistema financiero, les daremos poder a los consumidores con información clara y concisa cuando tomen decisiones financieras. En vez de competir para ofrecer productos confusos, las empresas competirán como se solía hacer: ofreciendo mejores productos. Eso significará más opciones para los consumidores, más oportunidades para las empresas y más estabilidad en nuestro sistema financiero. Y a no ser que su modelo comercial dependa de estafar a la gente, no hay por qué temerles a estas normas. (Aplausos.)

En cuarto lugar, el último elemento clave de la reforma. Estas reformas de Wall Street les darán a los accionistas renovado poder en el sistema financiero. Podrán expresar su opinión sobre remuneraciones: tendrán voz y voto con respecto a los salarios y bonificaciones otorgados a los altos ejecutivos. Y la Comisión de Bolsa y Valores (Securities and Exchange Commission o SEC) tendrá la autoridad de darles a los accionistas más influencia en las elecciones empresariales, para que los inversionistas y jubilados tengan un papel más importante en determinar quién administra las compañías en las que han invertido sus ahorros.

Ahora, los estadounidenses no envidian el éxito cuando la persona se ha hecho merecedora de dicho éxito. Pero cuando nos enteramos en el pasado, o a veces en el presente, de las enormes bonificaciones otorgadas a los ejecutivos de las firmas incluso mientras cuentan con la asistencia de los contribuyentes, o están tomando grandes riesgos que amenazan al sistema entero, o no le va bien a su compañía, lo sentimos como una afrenta a nuestros valores fundamentales.

No sólo eso; algunos de los salarios y bonificaciones que hemos visto crearon incentivos malsanos para asumir riesgos imprudentes que llevaron a la crisis. Es lo que contribuyó a que se prestara atención incesante al próximo trimestre de la empresa, en detrimento del próximo año o década. Y llevó a una situación en que las personas que tienen más que perder –accionistas y titulares de planes de pensión– tenían la menor influencia en el proceso. Eso debe cambiar. (Aplausos.)

Terminaré diciendo lo siguiente: He presentado un conjunto de reformas para Wall Street. Son reformas que pondrán fin a los planes de rescate financiados por los contribuyentes; que sacarán a la luz los complejos tratos financieros; que protegerán a los consumidores y les darán a los accionistas más poder en el sistema financiero. Pero también necesitamos una reforma en Washington. (Aplausos.) Y el debate sobre estos cambios es perfecto ejemplo de ello.

Digo, hemos visto a ejércitos de cabilderos del sector financiero abalanzándose sobre el Capitolio, mientras las firmas gastan millones para influenciar el resultado de este debate. Hemos visto argumentos engañosos y ataques cuyo propósito no es mejorar el proyecto de ley sino debilitarlo o acabar con él. Y hemos visto que el proceso respaldado por ambos partidos sucumbía a la presión de estas fuerzas intimidantes, a pesar de plantear una propuesta que es, al decir de todos, un enfoque con sentido común, sensato, no ideológico para combatir los problemas fundamentales que llevaron a los problemas en nuestro sector financiero y eventualmente en toda nuestra economía.

Así que hemos visto lo mismo de siempre en Washington, pero pienso que podemos y debemos poner este tipo de política cínica de lado. Tenemos que ponerle fin. Por eso estoy aquí hoy. (Aplausos.) Por eso estoy aquí hoy.

Y para quienes forman parte del sector financiero, permítanme decir, no siempre estaremos de acuerdo. No siempre estaremos de acuerdo. Pero eso no significa que debemos escoger entre dos extremos. No tenemos que escoger entre un mercado sin la más mínima medida de protección contra una crisis, y un mercado abrumado por normas onerosas que reducen la iniciativa e innovación. Ésa es una opción falsa. Y no necesitamos más prueba que la crisis por la que acabamos de pasar.

Ven, siempre ha existido tensión entre el deseo de permitir que el mercado funcione sin interferencia y la necesidad innegable de normas para evitar que el mercado pierda el equilibrio. Pero controlar esa tensión, sobre la cual debatimos desde nuestra fundación, es lo que ha permitido que nuestro país se adapte a un mundo en permanente evolución. Al acometer este debate, al determinar cómo aplicar nuestros principios sometidos a prueba en cada nueva era, nos aseguramos de no inclinarnos demasiado a un extremo o el otro, y que nuestra democracia siga siendo tan dinámica, y nuestra economía siga siendo tan dinámica como lo ha sido en el pasado. Sí, el debate puede ser contencioso. Puede ser acalorado. Pero a fin de cuentas, sirve para que nuestro país sea mejor. Nos ha permitido adaptarnos y prosperar.

Y leí un reportaje recientemente que pienso que es muy buen ejemplo de esto. Es de la revista Time. Y cito: “Por los grandes bancos de Manhattan la semana pasada corrió una alarma generalizada. Los grandes banqueros se miraron unos a los otros con ira y asombro. Un proyecto de ley recién aprobado… impondría a sus instituciones lo que consideraban un sistema monstruoso… Tal sistema, a su parecer, no sólo los privaría del orgullo en su profesión, sino que reduciría toda la banca de Estados Unidos a su más bajo nivel”. Eso salió en la revista Time… en junio de 1933. (Risas y aplausos.) ¿El sistema que causó tanta preocupación y consternación? La Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation –la FDIC– una institución que ha protegido exitosamente los depósitos de varias generaciones de estadounidenses.

A fin de cuentas, nuestro sistema sólo funciona –nuestros mercados sólo son verdaderamente libres– cuando hay protecciones básicas para evitar el abuso, refrenar los excesos, y asegurar que sea más rentable actuar conforme a las normas que tratar de burlar el sistema. Y eso es lo que se pretende lograr con estas normas: ni más ni menos. Porque así aseguraremos que nuestra economía funcione a favor de los consumidores, que funcione a favor de los inversionistas, que funcione a favor de las instituciones financieras… en otras palabras que funcione para todos nosotros. Por eso estamos trabajando tanto para lograr que se apruebe esto.

Ésa es la lección básica no sólo de esta crisis sino de nuestra historia. Es lo que dije cuando hablé aquí hace dos años. Porque a fin de cuentas, no hay línea divisoria entre nuestro destino y el de Wall Street. Nos levantamos o caemos juntos como una nación. (Aplausos.) Por lo tanto, los insto a que se sumen a mí. Los insto a que se sumen a mí, a que se sumen a quienes procuran que se aprueben reformas de sentido común. Y para quienes trabajan en el sector financiero, los insto a que lo hagan no sólo porque le conviene a su sector, sino porque le conviene a su país.

Muchas gracias. Que Dios los bendiga. Y que Dios bendiga a Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Gracias. (Aplausos.)

                                       FIN                                12:16 P.M. EDT
 

The White House

Office of the First Lady

Remarks by The First Lady at Take Your Child to Work Day Event

East Room

10:36 A.M. EDT

MRS. OBAMA: Hi, guys! How are you? It’s good to see you. How are you guys doing? Hi. It’s Bo! All right, so Bo is the highlight of the visit today. All right, come on, Bo, come on. Bo, Bo, come on, come on, come on. All right. Okay, I'll make sure he gets to come around to everybody. Bo, sit down, stay.

Hey, how is everybody doing?

AUDIENCE: Good!

MRS. OBAMA: That's good. Well, welcome to the White House. How many guys -- of you guys have done this -- did you do this last year? That's good.

So we’re going to make this much more informal than we did last year. I mean, in the last year I talked a little bit, and then you got to ask questions, but the truth is, is that it’s more interesting to talk and answer your questions. So we’re going to do that today.

But let me just welcome you all today. This is an important day for all of us because your parents spend so much time here helping me and the President, and we know that a lot of times they do it because you all make the sacrifices to be here. You guys are helping us just as much as your parents are. So first of all I just want to say thank you. Thank you for being patient and making sure that you’re doing what you’re supposed to do at home so that your parents can do what they need to do here.

Sit down, Bo.

So let’s just start. Do you guys have questions? Why don’t we start with questions.

All right, you in the front.

Q Do you like living in the White House?

MRS. OBAMA: The question is: Do I like living in the White House? And yes, it’s fun living in the White House.

(Bo barks.) (Laughter.) Bo likes it, too. Bo likes living in the White House, too. Some of the most fun parts about living in the White House is getting to share the house with so many people. I mean, we have thousands of people who come here every month just to visit, and it’s really fun to meet a lot of people and to make sure that they feel like this house is special for them, and to share it with everybody else. So it’s been a lot of fun. There are a lot of good things about it.

All right, let’s get a hand. You, young man, in the blue shirt. Yes, you, blue shirt.

Q How does it feel --

MRS. OBAMA: We’ve got a mic. Do we have a mic, too, so that everybody can hear your question?

Q How does it feel being the First Lady?

MRS. OBAMA: How does it feel being the First Lady? I think it feels like being me, you know? You don't change as a person just because you have a different job, you know? So what’s your name?

Q Isaiah.

MRS. OBAMA: Isaiah. So you know how you feel, Isaiah, right? And you feel that way whether you’re at home or at school or at the park or whether you’re with your friends. It’s like you’re always Isaiah, right?

So I think I feel the same way, too. I still feel like who I am; that, you know, I got to take care of my kids and I want to do a good job as First Lady. I want to make sure that I’m making my country proud. But I still feel like me. Does that make sense? All right.

All right, in the aqua blue, pigtails, hands up.

Q Since it’s Earth Day today, what are you doing?

MRS. OBAMA: Say that again?

Q What are you doing for Earth Day?

MRS. OBAMA: For Earth Day. Oh, I think we’re having a reception this evening. Sometimes it’s hard for me to keep up with all the things that we’re doing. There’s a reception here this evening for Earth Day.

And Sasha brought home some energy-efficient bulbs that we have to put in the house. So we’re going to do some bulb replacement. All right?

All right, you right there.

Q Do you miss Chicago?

MRS. OBAMA: You know, the question, do I miss Chicago -- yeah, there are some things that I miss about Chicago. I miss -- but I think the things that I miss about Chicago are the things that I would miss anywhere. And one of the things that the President and I can’t do is sort of just walk down the street by ourselves, you know? We can’t just leave the house and walk by ourselves because we always have security and we have to make sure that we got a lot of people with us. And I think that the thing I miss in Chicago is like being able to walk out of my house and go down on the lake and ride my bike -- but I can’t do that here, either.

So what I tell my girls is that if there’s a reason why -- if there’s something that I miss about Chicago, it would be my family -- and everybody is here with me. So it makes it a lot easier to adjust because all the people that I love are still right here. And we have Bo, and we didn’t have Bo in Chicago.

All right. In the orange and white -- yes.

Q What do you think are the leading causes of obesity in America?

MRS. OBAMA: Okay, this is a -- you want to ask that question in the mic again?

Q What do you think are the leading causes of obesity in America?

MRS. OBAMA: That’s a very astute question. (Laughter.) And you definitely read my bio and you know what my issues are. (Laughter.) It’s a good thing. It’s a good thing.

You know, I think there are a lot of things that cause obesity. I think it’s the lifestyle we live. I think a lot of kids these days spend a lot of time in front of the TV set and on the computer. And when we were young we didn’t have 120 channels that were on 24 hours a day and we didn’t have the Internet and computer games. So when we were little, we had to -- when you were bored, you had to go outside and play. A lot of kids don’t -- are driving to school or they take a bus to school. So I think that we’re just getting less exercise.

And people say that we snack way too much, right, that there are a lot of snacks out there, especially for kids. You guys -- they say the average kid has about five snacks a day or something like that. And if you --

Q (Inaudible.)

MRS. OBAMA: How many do you have?

Q Two.

MRS. OBAMA: You have two. That’s good. (Laughter.) That’s on average. So somebody out there is having a lot more than two.

(Bo barks.) Come here, Bo. Come here, Bo. Come here, Bo.

And I think that we have to make sure that we eat in a balanced way. It’s, like, you can’t live life without vegetables, right? You got to have vegetables, right, Bo? Yes, you do!

So I think there are a lot of things. And we have to make sure that our parents have -- parents have good information about what foods are good for kids, what snacks are healthy and how much -- how large of a portion size we should have.

So I think it’s a lot of stuff. That’s why with the initiative we’ve got -- we’re asking everybody to be involved in figuring out what we can do to make things better. But thank you for that question.

All right, let’s get somebody way in the back, in the maroon sweater. We’ve got time. We’ve got time. (Laughter.)

Q Is it hard for you and your family to spend time together?

MRS. OBAMA: You know, actually, it is not.

(Bo barks.) I know, I see you.

It’s easier now than it was because the President’s office is -- where are we -- it’s over there somewhere. (Laughter.) So it’s real close, and we live upstairs. So it’s very easy for us to, when we’re working -- like, I can come down from the house and work. And a lot of your parents, they have a commute, they have to get on a train, and they have to come here. So there’s a lot of flexibility. So we make sure that we’re at home when the kids get home and that we have dinner together and that we spend some time over the weekends together. And it’s been a lot easier than I would have thought for us to spend time together as a family.

All right, you. (Laughter.)

Q What school does your kids go to?

MRS. OBAMA: They go to a school called Sidwell Friends and it’s in Washington, D.C., but there’s also the lower school that’s in Bethesda, so it’s two different buildings. Have you heard of that school?

(Bo barks.) (Laughter.) Oh, what a clown. Shh, quiet! (Laughter.)

All right, let’s get another question. Let’s get another question, Bo. All right, who’s next? We didn’t do this side. Let’s do you, right here on the edge in the light blue.

Q What inspired you to become so involved in child obesity?

MRS. OBAMA: You know, it was just watching how children’s diets and habits change. Then I saw it in my household, just how easy it was with schedules being as busy as they are, and parents working a lot of hours. And we get into the habit of giving you guys what’s easy sometimes, Mac and Cheese every night, and driving through the drive-thru a little bit too much. And time is just short.

And I noticed it in my own household. And I thought, well, if I’m having these kind of challenges, it must be hard for the average family who doesn’t have a lot of resources and things like that.

So, you know, I think being a mom and seeing my own kids.
 
(Bo barks.) What? I know, I know. (Laughter.)

All right, right there.

Q When you were a kid, did you ever, like, dream of becoming the First Lady?

MRS. OBAMA: You know, no, I didn’t. When I was a little kid, I probably had dreams like most little kids. For a second I wanted to be a pediatrician because I liked kids. I never wanted to be a vet. (Laughter.) Then, after I went to college, I wanted to be an attorney, and I practiced for a while.

But no, as a matter of fact, I mean, the notion of being First Lady of the United States -- there had never been anybody of my race who had been here.

(Bo barks.) I know, I know. All right, you’re going to have to go. You ready to go? Are you ready to go?

AUDIENCE: No!

MRS. OBAMA: All right, you want to go say hi? You want to say hi?

AUDIENCE: Yes!

MRS. OBAMA: All right, I'll make sure he can come over there, too. So I'll let him get his energy out with you guys. All right, he’s in play mode. So we’re going to -- I’m going to take him out, and then we’re going to -- I’m going to let him come back in.

All right, let’s go. Come on, let’s go. Let’s go outside. All right, I'll make sure to bring him back in when we’re done, and then everybody can get a chance to say hello.

All right, take him out, Kristen, so that he can get some running. All right. We’ll bring him back in. We’ll bring him back in. And I'll make sure everybody gets a chance to pet him. All right. Yes! Yay for Bo. We’ll bring him back in.

So did that answer your question? All right, good.

Okay. Let’s see, you in the gray hoodie on the end -- you who just turned around.

Q What are you growing in your garden?

MRS. OBAMA: Oh, gosh, a lot of things. Lots of vegetables. I think we’ve got a lot of greens, lettuces, we’ve got lots of herbs, almost every kind of herb -- garlic, thyme, rosemary, all that good stuff. We’ve got some peas. We’ve got a beehive so we’ve got honey growing out there. We’ve got some berries, some rhubarb. Have you guys ever had rhubarb pie?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: Yes. Well, rhubarb, it sort of looks like lettuce, or celery in a sense, but it tastes really sweet like strawberries. You can mix it with strawberries so it’s a good fruit dessert. We’ve got some broccoli, some spinach. We had spinach last night for dinner from the garden. It was really sweet. So we’re growing all kinds of vegetables and fruit.

And I think you guys are going to get a chance to go see a garden. Is that true? Is that part of the tour?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: All right. So that’s good. So you’ll let me know how it’s coming, right? Okay. All right, sounds good.

Q What type of breed is Bo?

MRS. OBAMA: Okay. So what type of breed is Bo? What kind of dog is he? He’s a Portuguese Water Dog. Yeah, and they love to swim. And at first he didn’t always want to swim -- we had to teach him how to swim -- but now he loves the water and he gets in the water any chance he can get. And they’re sort of retrieval dogs. They were used to pull boats and to do things with fishermen. So he’s a very active dog and it’s important to keep him running and playing.

So now is sort of like his busy time, so he was getting a little bored. There are some parts of the day when he’s just sort of quiet and sleepy because he’s run around a lot, but with dogs like Bo they like to play, you got to keep them running. And there are some dogs that are more lap dogs. Well, he’s a running, playing kind of dog. So you got to make sure you give him a lot of exercise.

And he was a gift from a friend of ours, a very important and famous senator, Senator Ted Kennedy, who recently passed. And his favorite breed of dogs were Portuguese Water Dogs. And when he found out that we were looking for a dog, he gave us Bo. He helped us adopt Bo. So Bo is special not just because he’s a special dog, but he was a gift from a very special friend.

(Bo barks.) Yes! (Laughter.) That is correct.

All right, let’s see, let’s see. Purple in the middle.

Q Does Bo bite? (Laughter.)

MRS. OBAMA: Yes. But, you know -- oh, did he bite you? (Laughter.) Well, what he does is like -- Bo is not like biting, I'm going to bite you, but he’s playful. He’s like -- does anybody have a baby brother, somebody who’s teething? He’s beyond teething, but dogs play and they like to mouth and they like to have things in their mouth. And that's the kind of playing he does. And you’ve got to really train him to make sure that he -- like what we do is we put our hands in his mouth so that he knows how hard to bite on a human, because playing with a dog and playing with Sasha and Malia are two different things. So you're always sort of making sure that he knows that mouthing is soft when it comes to people and skin, right?

So he gets playful. That's why it’s important for him to get exercise before he sees everybody, because he might think, oh, you guys are puppies and we're playing and I'm going to -- you know, I'm going to start mouthing on your arm. Well, he’s got to be calm and know this is visitor time and all that good stuff, because he’s just as excited to see you as you are to see him.

All right, young lady in the navy blue on the end right here. Yes.

Q What is your favorite health food to eat?

MRS. OBAMA: My favorite health food -- hmmm. I have a lot of them. Some of my favorite vegetables are spinach, broccoli, those are big in my household. A good snack are -- some of the sort of power bars that they have that -- some of them are nutty, but some of them are kind of chocolaty, too, but they have good calorie balance in them and if you need a good snack in the middle of the day, sometimes those are fun and they make you think like you're having candy, and you're not. So -- but it’s good food.

And I love juices, as much as I can get, fresh juices. Does that help?

All right, I'll come over here. All right, gentleman in the blue striped shirt, please stand in the middle. Yes, you.

Q How is the obesity cure going?

MRS. OBAMA: How’s that going, that cure thing? (Laughter.) Yeah, yeah, well, we haven’t quite solved it yet -- (laughter) -- but we’re on our way.

There are some people who think that -- some scientists who say that the link to obesity is genetic, like it’s something that you’re born with. But what we’re trying to figure out is how do we change behavior, particularly in kids, to just teach them different habits, right?

So my theory is that kids can learn to love vegetables just as much as they can learn to love the taste of candy. I truly believe that. You may not agree, but I think that if you guys are eating healthy things on a regular basis, you start to like them, and you start making choices about a snack so that instead of a snack being a piece of candy, a good snack could be a nice bunch of grapes. Right? How many people like grapes?

So that’s one of those learned things. So instead of saying, Mom, Mom, I’m hungry, can I have a bag of chips? You’ll say, Mom, Mom, I’m hungry, can I have a bunch of grapes? And if you say that I guarantee you she’ll say yes every single time, and they’ll be just as good.

So if we start teaching different habits, if you guys ask for different things, then eventually that will help with your health. And if you’re moving and exercising, that will make you healthy and that will help cure the -- solve the problem of obesity. But we’ve got a lot of work to do and we’re going to need all of you to help us do it.

All right, you, right in the front. I know, I know, we’re going to try to get to as many people as we can, as quickly as we can.

Q What’s your favorite room in the White House?

MRS. OBAMA: My favorite room is actually the Blue Room. Did you walk past it? It’s oval. It’s the oval shape. And when you walk down this hallway, it’s in the center, and it’s -- there are only three rooms in the Residence that have an oval shape. And one is in the bottom. It’s called the Diplomatic Room, and it’s one of the rooms you come into. And then the second one, which is the Blue Room, and then there’s a room upstairs in our house that's called the Yellow Oval Room.

And all of them look out onto the South Lawn, and you can see the fountain, and you can see the Washington Monument, and you can see so much of Washington. And it’s still a cozy-feeling room. So when we have a lot of guests over, it’s really nice to be able to have them see the view.

When we did the Easter Egg Roll, and we walked out with the -- I don't know how many people saw that. Were you there? Were you there? Was it fun? Did you have a good time?

AUDIENCE: Yes!

MRS. OBAMA: Well, we walked out, and we walked out onto a balcony, and it was the balcony connected to the Blue Oval Room. It’s that room. So hopefully you’ll see.

Q Well, I saw the balcony, and it was --

MRS. OBAMA: Yeah.

Q -- it was in front of the football --

MRS. OBAMA: Yeah, the football activity section. Yes, that's where the Blue Oval is. It is important to know where the rooms are in relationship to the football activity center -- (laughter) -- which is good.

All right, all right, you.

Q Is there anything you have to do that you don't like to do?

MRS. OBAMA: Say that again? Is there anything I have to do that I don't like to do? Yes. (Laughter.) No. (Laughter.)

Yes, there are always things grown-ups have to do that we don't want to do. I had this conversation with my kids just two days ago, right, because they came home, they had homework, but they saw me sitting, and I was reading over my work for next week. The TV was on, and they said, “Mom, you’re so lucky. You just have nothing to do.” (Laughter.) And I was like, “Yeah, it seems that way.”

But grown-ups, a lot of the stuff we do is stuff we don't want to do, you know? A lot of times we’d rather be playing outside and eating candy and playing with our dogs. But that's part of being a grown-up.

So I think it’s just responsibility. Sometimes you just don’t want any. You want to do what you want to do all the time. And I don't think grown-ups are any different. Right, parents in the room? We’re not different. We want to be hanging out, too.
 
But a lot of the things that I have to do are a lot of fun. Like, this is something that I love to do. And it’s -- and is this something that I have to do? I think so. But it’s also something that I really love to do. And it’s a lot of fun to talk to you guys. So I get to do a lot of this kind of stuff.

I got to go with Olympians, Winter Olympians yesterday. We went to a school. Shani Davis, the speed skater -- very cool and very silly. He was a lot of fun. And we played and joked and laughed with kids at a school. You know, if I have to do that every day, I'll take it. Right?

All right, green shirt, green shirt. There you go. What, you forgot?

Q Yeah.

MRS. OBAMA: That's okay. (Laughter.) It’s okay. When you remember, as soon as you remember, we will come back to you. But don’t feel pressured.

All right, in the green. We’ll stick with green. In the green raincoat. So keep an eye on him when he remembers.

Q What kind of music do you like?

MRS. OBAMA: Oh, that's a good question. I like all kinds of music. All right, so this is what’s in my iPod, some of the stuff that's in my iPod. I love Stevie Wonder. That may be -- Stevie -- you know, Stevie Wonder? (Laughter.)

Q Michael Jackson?

MRS. OBAMA: Michael Jackson, I’ve got some Michael Jackson. But I’ve got some Rihanna, I’ve got some Beyonce -- I love Beyonce. (Laughter.) Oh, yeah, I love some Beyonce. I’ve got some new Usher on my CD. I’m trying to relate the things that are on there that you could connect with. Sting, anyone? Sting? (Laughter.) No? What’s so funny? (Laughter.)

And I like some jazz, lots of jazz, but I won’t go into -- you might not -- how many people here are jazz lovers? Some of your favorite artists, yell them out.

Q (Inaudible.)

MRS. OBAMA: Who?

Q Michael Jackson. (Laughter.)

MRS. OBAMA: Okay, Michael, he’s not jazz. (Laughter.)

Q Louis Armstrong.

MRS. OBAMA: Louis Armstrong, don’t have any of him, but he’s good, too. Any other jazz? What?

Q (Inaudible.)

MRS. OBAMA: That’s okay. So that gives you a sense. It’s a lot of different things. I love to dance, I love a good beat.

All right. Did you remember yet?

All right, little lady in the orange. Yes, you.

Q I have two questions. The first one is --

MRS. OBAMA: Two. Please stand with your two, so we can see you.

Q The first question is how often do you use your movie theater?

MRS. OBAMA: Oh, good question. Usually on the -- almost every weekend, but not always every weekend.

Q I actually have three. (Laughter.)

MRS. OBAMA: Okay. I don’t want anyone from the press to get any ideas on this. (Laughter.)

Q The second one is: Is your movie theater able to play any movie you want? And is it able to play new movies that are out in the regular theater?

MRS. OBAMA: Yes. The only thing that we can’t play -- we can’t play 3-D movies. So we don’t have 3-D -- are the engineers -- we don’t have 3-D capability yet. That’s correct. But we get all kinds of movies. We get movies that are in theaters now and we get movies that were old movies. You can play TV on there, so when it’s Super Bowl, we have a big Super Bowl party and we’re watching the Super Bowl.

Third and final question.

Q Yes, third and final question.

MRS. OBAMA: Okay. (Laughter.)

Q What do you use most in the White House, like, you have a tennis court, you have -- I can’t remember what else, but you have a lot of things.

MRS. OBAMA: There’s a lot of stuff here, there is. You know, right now I do think we’re using the tennis court the most, because everybody is taking tennis lessons. But when it gets hot we’re going to use the swimming pool a lot. We haven’t used it yet this season, but that’s one of those things we use a lot.

Q Sometimes.

MRS. OBAMA: Sometimes. It’s coming. It’s coming.

All right, the young man right on the end. I’m moving around. I’m coming back that way.

Q What is the thing you care about the most in the environment?

MRS. OBAMA: What do I care about the most in the environment?

Q Yes. Like, what animal or what plant?

MRS. OBAMA: Oh, what animal or what plant. You know, we’re big tiger savers because Malia -- Malia’s one issue for her father is saving the tigers. So we talk about the tigers at least once a week and what he’s doing to save the tigers. (Laughter.) So I think now we are -- you know, he tells her he’s working on it and there are a lot of people who are thinking about it. He hasn’t come up with a sufficient answer yet, but he’s got a couple of more years or so to fix this problem. But I think the Obama household, we’re trying to save the tigers.

All right, okay. All right, all right.

Q Do you spend --

MRS. OBAMA: Wait, here comes the mic. Okay.

Q Do you spend more time with your dog or with your kids? (Laughter.)

MRS. OBAMA: Did everyone get that question? (Laughter.) I think that the appropriate answer would be my children. (Laughter.) No, it’s pretty clear that it’s the kids, because they’re my kids; they need me. Bo can be with anybody. We spend a lot of time -- well, we try to spend a lot of time together as a family. But during the day, a lot of times Bo is outside, he’s running around. He’s not interested in hanging out with me until the girls come home anyway.

Q Or now.

MRS. OBAMA: Or now. You see, he wasn’t even that interested in sitting here for a few minutes. We were trying -- I was trying to get some quality time with him, and he just wanted to play. I was boring.

So all right, we’ll stay in this section. All right, you in the pink. Yes, you. Yes, you, you, you! It’d be you!

Q How often do you go in the Oval Office?

MRS. OBAMA: How often do I go in the Oval Office? Not as often as you think. I can’t think of the last time I was over there. No -- because that's work to me. So that's my husband’s job. So if I have -- if I -- sometimes I have to cut through the West Wing to get to another building, so if I’m there I'll stop in, I'll see what’s going on, or if there’s an event. But I don’t go there everyday like the President does, because I usually -- if I need to talk to him, I'll wait till he comes home.

He’s in New York. He just left. Did you hear the helicopters? Were you guys here when the helicopters took off? You heard it on the news? Well, he just left to go to New York, you’re absolutely right.

Okay. Oh, green, he’s ready. He is ready!

Q Is there anything that you have at the White House that you didn’t have in Chicago, besides the movie theater and the other stuff, like the back of the --

MRS. OBAMA: Yeah, pretty much the movie theater and all the other stuff. (Laughter.) We didn’t have any of this stuff. You know, when we lived in Chicago, we lived in a regular house with a backyard and neighbors, and we didn’t have security, and we didn’t have a swing set, and we didn’t have the South Lawn, and we didn’t have a movie theater. We had DVDs and stuff like that.

Q No, by the stuff, I mean, like the basketball court and the things other former Presidents have built.

MRS. OBAMA: We had none of it. We had nothing, none of it. Sorry.

Q But Bo --

MRS. OBAMA: Bo -- we didn't have Bo. We didn't have Bo. We had nothing! (Laughter.) We had each other. We had love! (Laughter.) That's what we had. But no, we didn’t have any of that stuff in Chicago.

You know what, we did. There was a basketball hoop in our backyard. I know. That's about it.

All right. Okay, you.

Q What is your favorite --

MRS. OBAMA: Get your mic, get your mic.

Q What is your favorite part about being the First Lady and having the power to change like the world and stuff?

MRS. OBAMA: Oh, did you hear that? I have the power to change things.

Q Yeah.

MRS. OBAMA: Yeah, yeah. My favorite thing is, you know, the feeling that with even small gestures you can impact people’s lives in ways -- I mean, sometimes it’s not even doing anything, but the fact that I can go to a school just for a visit and bring attention to what they’re doing just by coming to visit. I can use this platform to highlight issues that are important and to point out people that are already doing really good things.

So it’s not always anything that I can do, but it’s helping other people get the attention around the good things that they’re already doing -- hard work and sacrifice, people who are doing things for their families. It’s an exciting opportunity to be able to shine the light.

Like, today we’re getting to see how smart you guys are, the whole country is getting to see just how bright and engaging you guys are and how eager you are to ask questions and to learn. And that’s important for us to remember every day, just how important our young people are and just how curious and ready to do anything you all are. So that’s fun.

All right, way in the back, red hair. Yeah, it’s red.

Q Can you do anything to make the recess longer? (Laughter.)

MRS. OBAMA: Say that -- oh, to make recess longer? (Laughter.)

AUDIENCE: Yes! (Laughter.)

MRS. OBAMA: Okay, longer recess. Can I make recess longer? Oh, some people are no -- I see a “no” over there.

Well, the thing that we want to make sure that we want to work to do is to make sure all kids have recess. There are some kids and some schools and some places that don’t have recess. And we want to change that because during the day -- you guys tell me, doesn’t it feel better to get through the day when you get a little break, you get to run around a little bit, get some of that energy out, sweat a little bit, throw a ball? Right? Doesn’t that help you learn? Our belief is that it helps kids learn.

So the first thing is we need to make sure that every kid has an opportunity to have recess in their schools and to get exercise and to have P.E. and to play in sports. Right? And then once we make sure all kids have it, then the question becomes whether we need to make it longer or whether we need to make sure you know your math. Yeah, I know, there’s the school aspect of school, but it’s getting a good balance so that kids are getting a little bit of everything. Does that make sense? All right, sounds good.

All right. Little lady next to Alan in the white. You were blocking her way, Alan.

Q The “move it” business that you do, is it --

MRS. OBAMA: That “move it” business?

Q -- working out well?

MRS. OBAMA: Is the “move it” business working out well? (Laughter.) You know, we just started the “Let’s Move” initiative; this is the obesity initiative. And right now we’re very pleased with the response. Everybody that we’ve come across is excited about the possibility that we could make sure that kids are healthier. I haven’t run into anyone who thinks it’s not a good idea, because it’s all about you all. So, so far so good, but we got a lot of work to do. And we won’t know how good we’re doing for a while. And we’ll see it in you all.

So we’ll check back again next year when you come back, and then you can ask me that question again. All right?

Okay, you, young lady in the line. Yes, yes, you. Yes, you. Find your mic.

Q Do Malia and Sasha still hang out with their friends from Chicago?

MRS. OBAMA: They do. They do. They still hang out with their friends from Chicago as much as possible. So sometimes on vacations, sometimes they come for events. But yeah, that's one of the important things that they’ve been able to do, is make new friends here, really good friends that they love, but their old friends are still folks that they’ve known all their lives. You know old friends you’ve had since you were three, right? There’s nothing like those friends, right? So they’ve been lucky to be able to keep those connections.

All right, let’s see. We have lots of pink in the back, so let’s get the first in the tie-dye pink. I’m coming.
 
Q Do you help your girls with their homework?

MRS. OBAMA: Yes, every night. Well, Malia is older, so she does her homework on her own, right. She’s very independent, so I don't help her, and she doesn't want my help, quite frankly.

Sasha, who is still in -- she’s a little bit younger, when she needs help -- yes, third grade, that's correct -- and so when she needs help, I help her. But I usually check homework to make sure -- you know, I try not to redo it, but I try to check it and ask her if she can change things if they’re wrong.

So, all right, how about you, young man?

Q How long have you had Bo?

MRS. OBAMA: We’ve had Bo for a little over a year. Right, press? I’m counting on you -- we got him -- it’s like I saw a story on his anniversary. (Laughter.) So it’s been a little over a year, but he’ll be two in October. His birthday is October.

Q He’s big for a one-year-old.

MRS. OBAMA: But, you know, dogs grow fast. The comment was, “He’s big for a one-year-old,” but, you know, one-year-old dogs are not baby puppies anymore. And he’s a big breed dog. So he’s sort of -- that's about as big as he’s going to get. That's the size he is. He’s sort of -- now he’s like a teenager. He’s not a baby anymore. He’s not a baby puppy.

Dogs have shorter life spans, so their life moves along a little faster. So when you’re one or two as a dog, you’re more like a teenager.

Q And if it were 10 -- if the dog was 10 --

MRS. OBAMA: If the dog is 10 years old, the dog is old. It’s an old, old dog.

Q Like a grandma.

MRS. OBAMA: Like a grandma, exactly, exactly. Hope that doesn’t offend anyone. But yeah, that's about where they are in their lives when they’re 10.

Okay, you, young lady in the glasses in the second row.

Q Do you still communicate with your friends in Chicago?
 
MRS. OBAMA: Yes, I do, too. Like Malia and Sasha, some of my oldest friends are a great comfort, right, so we try to connect as much as possible. So that's been a fun thing for me, too.

All right, how are we doing? We got -- we’re going to be able to do a couple more questions. So if you’ve asked a question, make sure your hand is down. Make sure that you ask a question that hasn’t been asked before. All right? Are these all the hands with brand new questions?

Okay, yes, definitely. All right, here comes the mic. I’m going to do one in each section. One here -- which is you -- one there, one there, and one there. Okay? And I'll go around. Does that sound fair? And you all can talk amongst yourselves and figure out who the question needs to be.

Yes.

Q I have two. (Laughter.) What’s Bo’s favorite toy?

MRS. OBAMA: What’s Bo -- he likes -- Bo’s favorite toy is this big rope. It’s a huge rope that he likes to drop at your feet, and the game is can you get it before he gets it. So he drops it, and then he waits for you to get it, and then you go to get it, and he tries to get it, and if you get it, then you pull in, you play tug of war, and then he tries to win.

Q (Inaudible.)

MRS. OBAMA: No, he wins if he plays against Sasha. Usually, I win if I -- because I’m bigger. I’m bigger than Bo.

Q And my second question is: How early do the girls have to get up?

MRS. OBAMA: How early do they have to get up? The girls get up at 6:00 a.m. They could get up later if they move faster. (Laughter.) But that's their choice. You either move slow and get up early, or move faster and get up later.

All right, this section. Okay, in the black. Yes, you.

Q Okay. Oh, yeah --

MRS. OBAMA: Take your time.

Q I just remembered. Why did you start the “Let’s Move” or something, whatever that is?

MRS. OBAMA: That “Let’s Move” thing? Yeah, yeah. Well, that is a question that I answered before. I’m going to answer really quick and give somebody else in this section -- because I want to make sure that all kids are healthy. And it’s important to make sure that kids start out early with good habits. And if you start out early with good habits, then you grow up with good habits, right, and then we have a healthier nation, right? If we’ve got healthier kids, they’re going to be healthier parents, and they’re going to raise healthier kids.

All right, one more in this section. All right, you on the end. Yes.

Q What activities are you and your family interested in the most?

MRS. OBAMA: Activities like sports and things like that? We all like different things. Some of us like soccer. Some like tennis. Some like basketball. Everybody likes to watch movies. We’re all big movie fans. Everybody likes to travel, right. Everybody gets excited when there’s a big trip, and we like to travel when we can all travel together. And usually we don't care where we go. It’s usually fun and interesting. So those are some of the things we like to do.

Q (Inaudible.)

MRS. OBAMA: Yeah, I know. I know.

All right, we’ve got the question here. All right, we’re going to go in the back, because I’ve done a lot in the front. And the young lady with the stripe -- the multicolored stripes.

Q What are your responsibilities as First Lady, and do they change if President Obama goes out of town?

MRS. OBAMA: That's a good question: What are my responsibilities as First Lady? You know, First Ladies technically don't have a job description, and that's something that's been debated. It’s like whether First Ladies should get paid for what they do, whether there should be a more defined job description.

But right now every First Lady defines their job based on what their interests and passions are. So some First Ladies spent a lot of time promoting reading and literacy. Some people promoted saying no to drugs. Hillary Clinton promoted work with children and work abroad, a lot of international focus. So it really changes from First Lady to First Lady.

For me, the issues are healthy living for our kids. And no, my job description doesn’t change if the President is out of town. The President is the -- he’s the official who is elected by the people of the United States. And there’s a different line of responsibility on that end. So if the President can’t do what he needs to do if he’s out of commission or if he gets sick, then the Vice President steps in. And if the Vice President can’t, then there’s a whole chain of people throughout Congress who take responsibility in the event that something happens to the President.

But the First Ladies -- my role -- is really connected to what the President -- what the issues I’ve picked are as First Lady. Does that make sense?

All right, we’ve got the last question. And it’s going to be in this section, because we had that deal, right? And it is going to be the young lady in red, because you had a lot of people pointing at you so -- (laughter.) I know, I know.

Q What after-school activities do the girls do?

MRS. OBAMA: They do piano. They do practice for their sports. Sasha does dance, hip-hop. Malia does flute. So I think -- I’m sure I’m missing something, but that’s about -- those are -- that’s sort of the array. And then the sports change from season to season. So basketball season Sasha played basketball -- that’s over. I’m probably going to have them do some swimming now that it’s getting warmer, right; work on those strokes.

All right. Well, you know what, we’re done. We are done. I know, I could stay here forever, but now I got to go do the rest of what I have to do as First Lady today. But let me tell you, it was --

Q Bo!

MRS. OBAMA: Okay, we will get -- let’s start working Bo back up here, because I made that promise.

AUDIENCE: Bo!

MRS. OBAMA: Wait, wait, wait. Everybody sit. I’m going to ask you guys all to -- wait, wait. I’m going to ask you guys all to sit and to be calm because he’s excited -- he’s excited. And I’ll bring up and then I’ll take him to each section. Kristen, if you bring him up to me, then we’ll go around.
 
You guys, thank you, and make sure you learn a lot.

END
11:20 A.M. EDT

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

Remarks by the President on Wall Street Reform

Cooper Union, New York, New York

11:50 A.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT:  Thank you very much.  Everybody, please have a seat.  Thank you very much.  Well, thank you.  It is good to be back.  (Applause.)  It is good to be back in New York, it is good to be back in the Great Hall at Cooper Union.  (Applause.) 

We’ve got some special guests here that I want to acknowledge.  Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney is here in the house.  (Applause.)  Governor David Paterson is here.  (Applause.)  Attorney General Andrew Cuomo.  (Applause.)  State Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli is here.  (Applause.)  The Mayor of New York City, Michael Bloomberg.  (Applause.)  Dr. George Campbell, Jr., president of Cooper Union.  (Applause.)  And all the citywide elected officials who are here.  Thank you very much for your attendance.

It is wonderful to be back in Cooper Union, where generations of leaders and citizens have come to defend their ideas and contest their differences.  It’s also good to be back in Lower Manhattan, a few blocks from Wall Street.  (Laughter.)  It really is good to be back, because Wall Street is the heart of our nation’s financial sector.

Now, since I last spoke here two years ago, our country has been through a terrible trial.  More than 8 million people have lost their jobs.  Countless small businesses have had to shut their doors.  Trillions of dollars in savings have been lost -- forcing seniors to put off retirement, young people to postpone college, entrepreneurs to give up on the dream of starting a company.  And as a nation we were forced to take unprecedented steps to rescue the financial system and the broader economy.

And as a result of the decisions we made -- some of which, let’s face it, were very unpopular -- we are seeing hopeful signs.  A little more than one year ago we were losing an average of 750,000 jobs each month.  Today, America is adding jobs again.  One year ago the economy was shrinking rapidly.  Today the economy is growing.  In fact, we’ve seen the fastest turnaround in growth in nearly three decades.

But you’re here and I’m here because we’ve got more work to do.  Until this progress is felt not just on Wall Street but on Main Street we cannot be satisfied.  Until the millions of our neighbors who are looking for work can find a job, and wages are growing at a meaningful pace, we may be able to claim a technical recovery -- but we will not have truly recovered.  And even as we seek to revive this economy, it’s also incumbent on us to rebuild it stronger than before.  We don’t want an economy that has the same weaknesses that led to this crisis.  And that means addressing some of the underlying problems that led to this turmoil and devastation in the first place.
Now, one of the most significant contributors to this recession was a financial crisis as dire as any we’ve known in generations -- at least since the ’30s.  And that crisis was born of a failure of responsibility -- from Wall Street all the way to Washington -- that brought down many of the world’s largest financial firms and nearly dragged our economy into a second Great Depression.

It was that failure of responsibility that I spoke about when I came to New York more than two years ago -- before the worst of the crisis had unfolded.  It was back in 2007.  And I take no satisfaction in noting that my comments then have largely been borne out by the events that followed.  But I repeat what I said then because it is essential that we learn the lessons from this crisis so we don’t doom ourselves to repeat it.  And make no mistake, that is exactly what will happen if we allow this moment to pass -- and that’s an outcome that is unacceptable to me and it’s unacceptable to you, the American people.  (Applause.)

As I said on this stage two years ago, I believe in the power of the free market.  I believe in a strong financial sector that helps people to raise capital and get loans and invest their savings.  That’s part of what has made America what it is.  But a free market was never meant to be a free license to take whatever you can get, however you can get it.  That’s what happened too often in the years leading up to this crisis.  Some -- and let me be clear, not all -- but some on Wall Street forgot that behind every dollar traded or leveraged there’s family looking to buy a house, or pay for an education, open a business, save for retirement.  What happens on Wall Street has real consequences across the country, across our economy.

I’ve spoken before about the need to build a new foundation for economic growth in the 21st century.  And given the importance of the financial sector, Wall Street reform is an absolutely essential part of that foundation.  Without it, our house will continue to sit on shifting sands, and our families, businesses, and the global economy will be vulnerable to future crises.  That’s why I feel so strongly that we need to enact a set of updated, commonsense rules to ensure accountability on Wall Street and to protect consumers in our financial system.  (Applause.)

Now, here’s the good news:  A comprehensive plan to achieve these reforms has already passed the House of Representatives.  (Applause.)  A Senate version is currently being debated, drawing on ideas from Democrats and Republicans.  Both bills represent significant improvement on the flawed rules that we have in place today, despite the furious effort of industry lobbyists to shape this legislation to their special interests.

And for those of you in the financial sector I'm sure that some of these lobbyists work for you and they’re doing what they are being paid to do.  But I’m here today specifically -- when I speak to the titans of industry here -- because I want to urge you to join us, instead of fighting us in this effort.  (Applause.)  I’m here because I believe that these reforms are, in the end, not only in the best interest of our country, but in the best interest of the financial sector.  And I’m here to explain what reform will look like, and why it matters.

Now, first, the bill being considered in the Senate would create what we did not have before, and that is a way to protect the financial system and the broader economy and American taxpayers in the event that a large financial firm begins to fail.  If there’s a Lehmans or an AIG, how can we respond in a way that doesn’t force taxpayers to pick up the tab or, alternatively, could bring down the whole system.

In an ordinary local bank when it approaches insolvency, we’ve got a process, an orderly process through the FDIC, that ensures that depositors are protected, maintains confidence in the banking system, and it works.  Customers and taxpayers are protected and owners and management lose their equity.  But we don’t have that kind of process designed to contain the failure of a Lehman Brothers or any of the largest and most interconnected financial firms in our country.

     That’s why, when this crisis began, crucial decisions about what would happen to some of the world’s biggest companies -- companies employing tens of thousands of people and holding hundreds of billions of dollars in assets -- had to take place in hurried discussions in the middle of the night.  And that’s why, to save the entire economy from an even worse catastrophe, we had to deploy taxpayer dollars.  Now, much of that money has now been paid back and my administration has proposed a fee to be paid by large financial firms to recover all the money, every dime, because the American people should never have been put in that position in the first place.  (Applause.)

But this is why we need a system to shut these firms down with the least amount of collateral damage to innocent people and innocent businesses.  And from the start, I’ve insisted that the financial industry, not taxpayers, shoulder the costs in the event that a large financial company should falter.  The goal is to make certain that taxpayers are never again on the hook because a firm is deemed “too big to fail.”

Now, there’s a legitimate debate taking place about how best to ensure taxpayers are held harmless in this process.  And that’s a legitimate debate, and I encourage that debate.  But what’s not legitimate is to suggest that somehow the legislation being proposed is going to encourage future taxpayer bailouts, as some have claimed.  That makes for a good sound bite, but it’s not factually accurate.  It is not true.  (Applause.)  In fact, the system as it stands -- the system as it stands is what led to a series of massive, costly taxpayer bailouts.  And it’s only with reform that we can avoid a similar outcome in the future.  In other words, a vote for reform is a vote to put a stop to taxpayer-funded bailouts.  That’s the truth.  End of story.  And nobody should be fooled in this debate.  (Applause.)

By the way, these changes have the added benefit of creating incentives within the industry to ensure that no one company can ever threaten to bring down the whole economy.

To that end, the bill would also enact what’s known as the Volcker Rule -- and there’s a tall guy sitting in the front row here, Paul Volcker -- (applause) -- who we named it after.  And it does something very simple:  It places some limits on the size of banks and the kinds of risks that banking institutions can take.  This will not only safeguard our system against crises, this will also make our system stronger and more competitive by instilling confidence here at home and across the globe.  Markets depend on that confidence.  Part of what led to the turmoil of the past two years was that in the absence of clear rules and sound practices, people didn’t trust that our system was one in which it was safe to invest or lend.  As we’ve seen, that harms all of us.

So by enacting these reforms, we’ll help ensure that our financial system -- and our economy -- continues to be the envy of the world.  That’s the first thing, making sure that we can wind down one firm if it gets into trouble without bringing the whole system down or forcing taxpayers to fund a bailout.

Number two, reform would bring new transparency to many financial markets.  As you know, part of what led to this crisis was firms like AIG and others who were making huge and risky bets, using derivatives and other complicated financial instruments, in ways that defied accountability, or even common sense.  In fact, many practices were so opaque, so confusing, so complex that the people inside the firms didn’t understand them,  much less those who were charged with overseeing them.  They weren’t fully aware of the massive bets that were being placed.  That’s what led Warren Buffett to describe derivatives that were bought and sold with little oversight as “financial weapons of mass destruction.”  That’s what he called them.  And that’s why reform will rein in excess and help ensure that these kinds of transactions take place in the light of day.

     Now, there’s been a great deal of concern about these changes.  So I want to reiterate:  There is a legitimate role for these financial instruments in our economy.  They can help allay risk and spur investment.  And there are a lot of companies that use these instruments to that legitimate end -- they are managing exposure to fluctuating prices or currencies, fluctuating markets.  For example, a business might hedge against rising oil prices by buying a financial product to secure stable fuel costs, so an airlines might have an interest in locking in a decent price.  That’s how markets are supposed to work.  The problem is these markets operated in the shadows of our economy, invisible to regulators, invisible to the public.  So reckless practices were rampant.  Risks accrued until they threatened our entire financial system.

And that’s why these reforms are designed to respect legitimate activities but prevent reckless risk taking.  That’s why we want to ensure that financial products like standardized derivatives are traded out in the open, in the full view of businesses, investors, and those charged with oversight.

And I was encouraged to see a Republican senator join with Democrats this week in moving forward on this issue.  That's a good sign.  (Applause.)  That's a good sign.  For without action, we’ll continue to see what amounts to highly-leveraged, loosely-monitored gambling in our financial system, putting taxpayers and the economy in jeopardy.  And the only people who ought to fear the kind of oversight and transparency that we're proposing are those whose conduct will fail this scrutiny.

Third, this plan would enact the strongest consumer financial protections ever.  (Applause.) And that's absolutely necessary because this financial crisis wasn’t just the result of decisions made in the executive suites on Wall Street; it was also the result of decisions made around kitchen tables across America, by folks who took on mortgages and credit cards and auto loans.  And while it’s true that many Americans took on financial obligations that they knew or should have known they could not have afforded, millions of others were, frankly, duped.  They were misled by deceptive terms and conditions, buried deep in the fine print.

And while a few companies made out like bandits by exploiting their customers, our entire economy was made more vulnerable.  Millions of people have now lost their homes.  Tens of millions more have lost value in their homes.  Just about every sector of our economy has felt the pain, whether you’re paving driveways in Arizona, or selling houses in Ohio, or you're doing home repairs in California, or you’re using your home equity to start a small business in Florida.

That’s why we need to give consumers more protection and more power in our financial system.  This is not about stifling competition, stifling innovation; it’s just the opposite.  With a dedicated agency setting ground rules and looking out for ordinary people in our financial system, we will empower consumers with clear and concise information when they’re making financial decisions.  So instead of competing to offer confusing products, companies will compete the old-fashioned way, by offering better products.  And that will mean more choices for consumers, more opportunities for businesses, and more stability in our financial system.  And unless your business model depends on bilking people, there is little to fear from these new rules.  (Applause.)

Number four, the last key component of reform.  These Wall Street reforms will give shareholders new power in the financial system.  They will get what we call a say on pay, a voice with respect to the salaries and bonuses awarded to top executives.  And the SEC will have the authority to give shareholders more say in corporate elections, so that investors and pension holders have a stronger role in determining who manages the company in which they’ve placed their savings.

Now, Americans don’t begrudge anybody for success when that success is earned.  But when we read in the past, and sometimes in the present, about enormous executive bonuses at firms -- even as they’re relying on assistance from taxpayers or they’re taking huge risks that threaten the system as a whole or their company is doing badly -- it offends our fundamental values.

Not only that, some of the salaries and bonuses that we’ve seen creates perverse incentives to take reckless risks that contributed to the crisis.  It’s what helped lead to a relentless focus on a company’s next quarter, to the detriment of its next year or its next decade.  And it led to a situation in which folks with the most to lose -- stock and pension holders -- had the least to say in the process.  And that has to change.  (Applause.)

Let me close by saying this.  I have laid out a set of Wall Street reforms.  These are reforms that would put an end to taxpayer bailouts; that would bring complex financial dealings out of the shadows; that would protect consumers; and that would give shareholders more power in the financial system.  But let’s face it, we also need reform in Washington.  (Applause.)  And the debate -- the debate over these changes is a perfect example.

I mean, we have seen battalions of financial industry lobbyists descending on Capitol Hill, firms spending millions to influence the outcome of this debate.  We’ve seen misleading arguments and attacks that are designed not to improve the bill but to weaken or to kill it.  We’ve seen a bipartisan process buckle under the weight of these withering forces, even as we‘ve produced a proposal that by all accounts is a commonsense, reasonable, non-ideological approach to target the root problems that led to the turmoil in our financial sector and ultimately in our entire economy.

     So we’ve seen business as usual in Washington, but I believe we can and must put this kind of cynical politics aside.  We’ve got to put an end to it.  That’s why I’m here today.  (Applause.)  That’s why I’m here today.

And to those of you who are in the financial sector, let me say this, we will not always see eye to eye.  We will not always agree.  But that doesn’t mean that we’ve got to choose between two extremes.  We do not have to choose between markets that are unfettered by even modest protections against crisis, or markets that are stymied by onerous rules that suppress enterprise and innovation.  That is a false choice.  And we need no more proof than the crisis that we’ve just been through.

You see, there has always been a tension between the desire to allow markets to function without interference and the absolute necessity of rules to prevent markets from falling out of kilter.  But managing that tension, one that we’ve debated since the founding of this nation, is what has allowed our country to keep up with a changing world.  For in taking up this debate, in figuring out how to apply well-worn principles with each new age, we ensure that we don’t tip too far one way or the other -- that our democracy remains as dynamic and our economy remains as dynamic as it has in the past.  So, yes, this debate can be contentious.  It can be heated.  But in the end it serves only to make our country stronger.  It has allowed us to adapt and to thrive.

And I read a report recently that I think fairly illustrates this point.  It’s from Time Magazine.  I’m going to quote:  “Through the great banking houses of Manhattan last week ran wild-eyed alarm.  Big bankers stared at one another in anger and astonishment.  A bill just passed… would rivet upon their institutions what they considered a monstrous system… such a system, they felt, would not only rob them of their pride of profession but would reduce all U.S. banking to its lowest level.”  That appeared in Time Magazine in June of 1933.  (Laughter and applause.)  The system that caused so much consternation, so much concern was the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, also known as the FDIC, an institution that has successfully secured the deposits of generations of Americans.

In the end, our system only works -- our markets are only free -- when there are basic safeguards that prevent abuse, that check excesses, that ensure that it is more profitable to play by the rules than to game the system.  And that is what the reforms we’ve been proposing are designed to achieve -- no more, no less.  And because that is how we will ensure that our economy works for consumers, that it works for investors, and that it works for financial institutions -- in other words, that it works for all of us -- that’s why we’re working so hard to get this stuff passed.

This is the central lesson not only of this crisis but of our history.  It’s what I said when I spoke here two years ago.  Because ultimately, there is no dividing line between Main Street and Wall Street.  We will rise or we will fall together as one nation.  (Applause.)  And that is why I urge all of you to join me.  I urge all of you to join me, to join those who are seeking to pass these commonsense reforms.  And for those of you in the financial industry, I urge you to join me not only because it is in the interest of your industry, but also because it’s in the interest of your country.

Thank you so much.  God bless you, and God bless the United States of America.  Thank you.  (Applause.)

END
12:16 P.M. EDT

The White House

Office of the Vice President

Remarks by the Vice President Announcing Recovery Act "Retrofit Ramp-Up" Awards on Eve of Earth Day

Eisenhower Executive Office Building, Washington, D.C.

THE VICE PRESIDENT:  Secretary Salazar, Carol Browner is here, Secretary Ray Mabus, Ben Cardin -- I miss seeing you guys every day, Ben.  Dennis Cardoza, I’m told Emanuel Cleaver is here.  I see Marcy is here, Congresswoman Marcy Kaptur.  Ed Markey, who has gained his congressional Ph.D. on this issue.  I don’t know anybody who knows more about it than he does.  And we also have the -- Mayor Michael Bell, the mayor of Toledo here, Mayor Phil Gordon, the Mayor of Phoenix, and Mayor Michael McGinn of Seattle.  And you’re all welcome.  And I’m sure there’s other very distinguished guests here as well that I have overlooked and I apologize.

Let me start off by saying, and I mean this sincerely, I was a senator a long time.  As a matter of fact, as I left the Senate, as Ben may remember, the Senate historian came in and said -- thinking that he was going to make me feel better -- he pointed out that only 17 senators in American history ever served as long as I did.  And I could feel my heart sinking into my stomach.  I said, “If my father were here, he’d define that as a misspent adulthood.”  (Laughter.) 

But all kidding aside, I have been around awhile.  I served a long time with Gaylord Nelson, who -- he and his wife, Carrie, were great friends.  They were real pioneers back in those early days when I got there, talked about the environment.

I was put on the Public Works Committee when I first got there.  And the first -- the first recommendation I made is we change the name, the Environment and Public Works Committee.  And Mayor Jennings Randolph, or Jennings as he liked to be called, told me that if I made that recommendation again, I was off the committee.  (Laughter.)  You think I’m joking, I’m not.  There’s a lot that’s changed, a lot that’s changed.

And I expected when I took this job I’d have some real opportunities to impact on the formation of policy.  But one of the things I didn’t expect, I didn’t expect to have the opportunity to work with such a tutor.  And I’m not being solicitous.  To have an opportunity to work with the Secretary of Energy on something that I cared a great deal about when I was a senator, to have a man of Secretary Chu’s caliber and his depth of his knowledge and his commitment has genuinely been sort of an ongoing tutorial for me.  And I want to publicly thank you, Mr. Secretary.  (Applause.)

And as that old joke goes, the Secretary has forgotten more about this subject than I’m ever going to know.  But I am as passionately committed to this transition he refers to as I think anyone, as is the President.  I hadn’t planned on doing what I’m about to do today, but today’s announcement by General Motors that it’s paid back -- it’s paid back its TARP loan in full -- in full is a huge accomplishment.

The President of the United States took a lot of heat for that effort, to keep that company alive while it was transitioning.  And I would just like to point out that I am proud to be associated with the guy who saw the necessity to do this.  And this has even exceeded our expectations.  We’ve worked hard to help turn around the nation’s auto industry and give the car companies a chance to be viable without government assistance.  And we helped GM -- we helped out GM so that they could retool, so that they could become a leader in the 21st century.

And we know that building energy-efficient cars with better gas mileage and cleaner emissions is going to be a big part of us being able to succeed, not only the auto industry, but also succeed in our quest for a better environment.  Today, GM paid back the loan in full five years ahead of schedule.  And now GM is in a better position to make them -- make what the market demands, energy-efficient vehicles for a cleaner world.  And that leads me to Earth Day, the reason why we’re here today.

I also want to point out -- I want to thank, by the way, Lisa Jackson, our EPA administrator.  She couldn’t be here today, but we all appreciate the tremendous work that she’s doing having once again -- we now have again an Environmental Protection Agency again.  (Applause.) 

And a happy almost Earth Day to all of you.  I say that because tomorrow is actually the day that officially marks the occasion.  But the truth is we’re here kicking off an entire earth week.  And I hope our administration has kicked off an entire earth administration.  Over the next few days, officials from across our administration will participate in more than a dozen events to celebrate Earth Day.  We’re getting everyone in the administration involved.  And today, the day before Earth Day, we kick off a week for an administration that for -- literally for every day it’s Earth Day for us.  Because this implicates every aspect of our country’s self-interest, from foreign policy to economic policy to environmental policy to health care policy.  This impacts on every aspect -- every aspect of what kind of country we’re going to leave our kids.

And 40 years ago, when Gaylord conceived and celebrated the first Earth Day, the world looked pretty different.  Some of us can remember the public health and environmental catastrophes that propelled Earth Day, the Earth Day movement in the first place, the Cuyahoga River literally catching on fire from all the oil and dumped trash that was in it.  Days of heavy smog in New York City so thick that people actually were dying from being unable to breathe the air.  The list goes on and on and on.  Our planet was sick.  It’s not healthy yet.  But our planet was sick and in need of desperate help.  It’s still in need of real help.       

Because of Gaylord Nelson, and millions of Americans like some of you that are here today who joined him, we begin to make things a little bit better.  Forty years later, the first Earth Day -- from the first Earth Day, the people of the first Earth Day celebration would look around and look out at all of you and they’d be very proud of what all of you have done.  They’d see recycling bins in your houses.  They’d see business spending money to make their facilities more energy efficient.  They’d see men and women heading to work to build and install wind turbines and solar panels and other components for the new energy future.  They’d see an administration building on his legacy, Gaylord’s legacy, protecting and restoring the Great Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, the Gulf Coast; designating millions of acres of wilderness; saving 1.8 billion barrels of oil by reducing Greenhouse gases by raising fuel efficiency and emissions standards on cars and trucks, pulling us on the right track and by doubling the renewal energy that will be generated in this country.

Since the beginning of the environmental movement, we’ve been trying to transform the way we use energy and reduce our dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels to tap into the vast, untapped, renewable energy sources and to use energy more efficiently.  The fact is we’ve been trying for 40 years, and we’ve made some progress.  But we’re now poised to make significantly greater strides, in our view, than ever because of the unprecedented investment in the Recovery Act and the leadership of the President and the Secretary of Energy. 

Even before we took office, the President and myself and our economic team planned to use parts of what we knew had to be -- we didn’t name it the Recovery Act then, but we knew we were going to have to have a Recovery Act.  There were significant parts of that Recovery Act to make investments that would create good jobs today, but while planting the seeds for great industries of tomorrow with clean energy being at the forefront and the heart of all of it.

The world already is transforming, as the Secretary said, to a new energy economy.  And the question is, are we going to lead it or are we going to continue to try to catch up?  We are going to be left behind.  We need to catch up.  With around $80 billion in clean energy investments, the Recovery Act is the largest single investment in clean energy in our history.  If you just took that piece out of the Recovery Act and passed it as a stand-alone bill, it’s the largest investment ever made in the history of the country in clean energy. 

But we’re not just doing this with government funds.  We’re using government to provide the seed money to grow private industries.  And some of the initiatives that you mayors have going with the private sector in your communities is a model for what we should be doing.  Twenty-three billion dollars in renewable energy generation and advanced energy manufacturing, which will likely leverage more than $43 billion in additional investment; $2.4 billion in battery technology, matched by another $2.4 billion in private capital to help build energy-efficient cars of the future.

In January of ’09, there were two advanced battery factories in America.  By 2015, there will be 30.  The smart grid, $3.4 billion in government investment led to $4.7 billion in private investment to help get us to a stronger, more efficient, more reliable energy grid; $2.3 billion, which is likely to leverage $5.4 billion in private capital to put us back on track to double our capacity to manufacture the components of a new, green economy in America from wind turbines to solar panels to create energy that’s renewable.  Renewable resources to batteries and smart grid systems to store that -- and transmit that energy, to technologies like advanced lighting that help conserve energy.

We’re going to start making that stuff here in America with American workers.  We’re going to be coming up to you guys in the House and the Senate and asking for 48C to be bumped up to $5 billion so we could be making this stuff in America. 

And today, we’re announcing another important Recovery Act program, the “Retrofit Ramp-Up.”  Now, I wonder what sometimes our constituents think when we come up with these names.  (Laughter.)  The “Retrofit Ramp-Up.”  We all in this room know what it is.  We may be the only ones who know exactly what it means.  (Laughter.)  But it’s a kind of a buzz word, retrofits.  But what we’re really talking about here is simple.  It’s about making our homes and our office buildings more efficient and more comfortable and more affordable, replacing windows and doors.  I have visited, along with some of the people in the front row, new window and door factories making incredibly -- incredibly energy-efficient windows and doors, which can save billions of dollars over time.  Putting in new air conditioning or heating units that are much more efficient.  Sealing up cracks and openings where air can leak into and out of your home.  That’s retrofitting -- small stuff, but big, big, big savings.

In fact, retrofitting existing homes has the potential to cut more than $21 billion a year annually in our energy cost.  There are more than 100 million homes in America.  In the last year, only 40,000 took advantage of the energy-saving retrofits.  It’s not that homeowners don’t want to lower their energy bills; it’s just that they found that the process was too difficult, from accessing energy audits to finding skilled retrofit workers to simply being able to afford it. 

Now, last fall the Middle Class Task Force, which the President asked me to chair, and the Council on Environmental Equality released a report that called the recovery retrofit -- explaining how we’re working to overcome the challenges that got in the way of homeowners taking advantage of this.  And these grants that we’re announcing today are grants to 25 communities nationwide, and are a major step in the direction of making this much easier to do, much more efficient, and much more likely to happen.

This program is all about developing innovative models that can be expanded throughout the country.  And there are a couple that are particularly important things about these grants that we should mention.  First, these grants are focused on encouraging entire neighborhoods, entire neighborhoods to take advantage of the retrofits all at the same time.  Right now, most retrofit work programs are on a house by house basis.  The construction crew may come into a neighborhood, upgrade one home one week, and then they have to come back to work in a neighborhood home a few weeks later, maybe the same neighborhood. 

Well, the Retrofit* Ramp-up* award winners are taking a different approach.  Now, that -- the same construction crew would upgrade all the homes on the same block at the same time.  That saves contractors time and money.  They can pass the savings on to their customers.  And it’s just a much more efficient way to operate.  And these communities aren’t just relying on these grants.  They’ll use this as seed money to leverage an additional $2.8 billion over the next three years.  That’s a total of five dollars for every dollar -- every dollar of grant money.  And they’re doing this by building partnerships between local governments, utility companies, financial institutions, and nonprofits.  Whole communities are coming together to get this going, and when we look around you’ll see it.  And you’ll see more and more of it as the months go on.          

I know there are some people from the Philadelphia mayor’s office that are here today.  This has been one of Mayor Nutter’s hobby horses.  Well, their city has a plan to work with private lenders to connect homeowners to easy access, affordable loans to pay for retrofit work.  The Mayor of Toledo, Mike Bell, is here.  Toledo’s program will provide career training, job placement, and mentoring for people actually going to be doing this work.  The Mayor of Phoenix, Phil Gordon, is here.  Just about -- just talk about partnerships, his city is partnering with Arizona State University Community Colleges, local utility companies, and five local banks to carry out a comprehensive retrofit program focusing on buildings surrounding Phoenix’s new light rail line. 

Investing in retrofits is a triple win.  It’s a win for consumers who save money on their energy bill.  It’s a win for the environment because we’re using less energy, which cuts down on harmful emissions from greenhouse gases.  And, finally, it’s a win for the American economy, because it creates green jobs, jobs that can’t be outsourced. 

Now, with so many worthy applications, not everyone got funds today.  But the Department of Energy is still working to find more opportunities to get cities to get involved in programs like this.  But it’s not just cities.  We also want to encourage millions of Americans across the country to retrofit their homes.  That’s why the President has made it a priority to pass legislation creating a new energy-efficient rebate program that we call “Homestar.”

And, by the way, I was home the last two weekends going to Home Depot both times, one, to buy a 30-inch hedge clipper, because my wife was very dissatisfied with our hedges.  (Laughter.)  You all think I’m kidding.  (Laughter.)  I am not kidding.  (Laughter.)  Anyway -- anyway, and the other one was to take my almost four-year-old grandson, Hunter, who said, “Pop, I don’t got a tape measurer.”  So he had to get a tape measurer.  He’s stolen four of mine.  He can’t find them.  But we went to get another tape measurer.  (Laughter.)  But all kidding aside, they asked about the program, the guys working the aisles, the women working the aisles, they asked about the program.

Under this program homeowners will be eligible for rebates worth up to $1,005 for simple home upgrades like replacing an old water heater, putting in those new windows that I talked about.  If you decide to do a comprehensive retrofit of your whole house, you’d be eligible for a rebate up to $3,000.  Homeowners won’t have to fill out forms, send it in the mail, and wait for the check to arrive.  They’ll get rebates up front from the hardware store or the contractor.

The Homestar rebate program is going to create tens of thousands of jobs in industries like construction, manufacturing, and I might add, sales.  These people, there are going to be people in Home Depot and -- I shouldn’t just be talking about Home Depot -- but, you know, a lot of other places.  (Laughter.)  Lowes, that's the other one in my neighborhood.  (Laughter.)

Anyway -- (laughter) -- they’re jobs, and people need jobs -- jobs in manufacturing, in all those areas where people have suffered very badly because of this recession.

At the same time, we’re going to reduce our energy consumption, and families are going to save hundreds of dollars on the utility bills.  And that makes a big difference.

You know, in the -- it’s a commonsense idea that has bipartisan support.  So we’re calling on Congress to get this bill on the President’s desk as soon as possible.  But of course to really get this right, to really free ourselves from the grip of foreign oil, to really preserve our planet for generations to come, we need a comprehensive energy climate bill.  That's something that Chairman Markey has been working on and my good friend, John Kerry, along with Lindsay Graham and others in the Senate side.  I am hopeful, I am hopeful.

We’re grateful to the House for passing the bill last year.  And I want to thank all the House members because that was not an easy vote at the time to take.  But you were dead right.  The bill was a good, solid bill.  You passed a bill and we continue working with both Democrats and Republicans to get it passed through the Senate.

You know, it’s a political cliché to say we’re trying to change the world.  But, you know, it’s most -- in it’s most literal sense, that's what we’re trying to begin to do here today.  We’ve got to change the world. 

Does anybody think we can lead the world in the 21st century with the energy policy we’ve had in the last century?  Does anybody think we can leave a planet to my grandchildren and their grandchildren that is sustainable without a fundamental change in the way we do business? 

But this is a case where, as the Secretary pointed out, not just for the United States but for the world, this can become a win-win situation.  You know, it used to be when the construction trades and the building trades would support us, when we’d say, “green” that meant, oh, god, the snail darter, we’re not going to have a building, we’re not going to build a dam, we’re not going to -- people are beginning to understand green means a cleaner economy, and green means jobs, green.  Green means economic advancement across the board.

You know, making the world itself better, the air we breathe, the water we drink, the mountains our children will climb, the lakes they’ll swim in, that's why Gaylord Nelson started Earth Day 40 years ago, and that's why you’re all here today. 

And I want to thank you all for helping us literally change the world.  So thank you all folks.  And may God bless you all and may God bless protect our troops.  Keep it up.  Thank you.  (Applause.)

END

The White House

Office of the First Lady

Remarks by the First Lady at "Let's Move" School Visit with Olympians

River Terrace Elementary School
Washington, D.C.

11:3 A.M. EDT

MRS. OBAMA: Well, this is pretty cool, don’t you think?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: I mean, right here in your school, in your Multipurpose Room, you’ve got Olympians and Paralympians and reporters and teachers. And everybody is here because of you. Isn’t that pretty nice?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: But, you know, one thing I want you all to know about these magnificent men and women that I’m standing up with is that, you know, if you heard in their story, each of them had to work hard and overcome something to get where they are. It wasn’t easy.

With Hannah, she fell the first time out, as she said; had a very -- finished almost last. Can you imagine that? Has anybody ever finished last in something and really felt like, “I just am not good at this and I never want to do it again”? Right? Well, just imagine, what if Hannah had said that after her first efforts at the Olympics? She wouldn’t be here today with a Gold Medal. But instead of feeling defeated by that, she just worked a little harder, and now she’s a Gold Medalist.

Alana was a skier before she lost the use of her legs, and lost the use of her legs while skiing, right? She had a bad accident and lost the use of her legs. Now, she could have just said, “You know what, I’m just done.” Right? But instead, she not only kept doing her sport, but she got so strong that she can compete and win a medal.

And Shani -- you know, Shani didn’t grow up in a neighborhood where anybody talked about speed skating, because we’re both South Side Chicago, right, Shani? (Laughter.) South Side, South Side. (Laughter.) But we didn’t grow up with speed skating. How did you even know about speed skating? We had ice, but we didn’t have speed skating. So there was nothing in his life’s path that would have predicted that he could take up a sport that he didn’t grow up watching, right, and then become the best in the world at it. The best in the world.

And then Heath, as he told you, he is a true hero. He went off to war to fight for our country, and lost his legs as a result. Now, as he said, he didn’t win a Gold Medal in the Paralympic Games, but he’s got the best metal in the room. And we have to be really proud of what these men and women have done and the fact that they care so much about you all and your health that they wanted to take the time out to come here today to River Terrace.

So let’s give them all a big round of applause. (Applause.)

But another one of the reasons we’re here today is because I got to meet your principal, Principal Foster, a few months ago, actually, when we started talking about exercise and nutrition. We went to another school in the area, and she was there. We talked about planting a garden and improving our schools so that all of our kids were eating healthier and getting more exercise. And I was so impressed at the work that she has been doing here with you all -- the innovation and the work that she’s doing with all the other teachers and all the parents -- that I wanted to make sure we came to see you all.

I love kids, as your principal said, and I care a lot about kids. I’ve got two little girls of my own. And everyday I am worrying about whether they’re going to grow up healthy and happy and smart and whether they’re going to have a good life, right? And all of us, all of us grown-ups, we feel the same way about you.

And one of the things I did -- the very first -- one of the very first things I did when I became First Lady and we moved into the White House was that we planted this wonderful garden. I don't know if you guys have heard about our Kitchen Garden, and hopefully one day you’ll come to the White House and visit it, but we worked with a bunch of kids in the area, and we saw how enthusiastic they became over the notion of planting their own fruits and vegetables and then eating it, right?

And we sort of got this idea that maybe if these kids were excited about it and would change the way they eat because they were more involved and we were all working together, then maybe we could do it for every kid in the country.

So we started this program, this campaign, called “Let’s Move,” and that's what the t-shirts that some of your classmates are wearing are about. And hopefully you all will get t-shirts. But “Let’s Move” is a campaign to try to make sure that kids grow up eating healthy, getting enough exercise so that you all are strong enough to be Olympians or to go to college or do whatever you want in life.

And our campaign is trying to get everybody to do a few things. We want your parents to have better information about the food you need. We want to make sure that your schools are serving healthier food. We want to make sure that you live in communities where your parents have access to really healthy foods that they can afford. And the last and most important thing is that we want you all to do what -- what’s the name of the campaign? Let’s --

AUDIENCE: Move!

MRS. OBAMA: So we want you all to move, because as all of the Paralympic and Olympic athletes have said, is that eating right and moving your bodies is the beginning of everything for you all, because if you’re not healthy and you can’t run and you can’t move, what can you do, right?

But you need good habits now, right? You need to know that you’ve got to eat vegetables, even though some vegetables don't taste good. You’ve got to drink lots of water and not a whole lot of soda. You can’t have snacks all of the time. They’re good sometimes, but you can’t eat them all the time.

That's what “Let’s Move” is all about. The whole country is working for you all so that you’re learning different habits. Right?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: So one of the big things we’re doing on the “Let’s Move” part is that the President -- you know this guy, the President of the United States?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: Yeah, well, he’s going to be issuing some really cool awards for kids. And they’re new awards as part of his Fitness Challenge. And what he wants to see you all do is commit to doing exercise everyday five days a week. And if you can do that and move your bodies for about 60 minutes or so, you’re going to get an award. Maybe you get to come to the White House.

And I hope that you all are all competing for this award, right, because we’re going to do stuff on the South Lawn, we’re going to have fun all summer, all throughout the year, but we need you guys to move, and we’re going to need you to get your parents to help you move, too. Right?

You know how with the -- what’s your minute called --

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: The “Jamming Minute.”

MRS. OBAMA: -- the “Jamming Minute” we’re getting ready to do -- the most fun is watching your teachers do it, too. Isn’t that fun watching them jam -- we’re all going to jam together? Well, we want you to get your parents helping you get these awards. Can you all promise me that?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: And I need you to promise me a few things, because we can’t get this “Let’s Move” campaign going without you all. We need you all. You all are at the center of everything. So we’re going to need you to make some promises. Will you make some promises for me?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: Will you promise to try to eat as healthy as you can all the time?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: Will you promise me that you will eat fruits and vegetables everyday?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: And that you’ll try new foods? Even if you don't like them, you’ll try them?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: And that you won’t eat as much sweets and chips? Will you not eat so many of them; eat less of those?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: Yes, yes. (Laughter.) That's always the tough one. Tough for us, too.

And will you all promise me that you’ll make sure that when you’re at home that you turn off the TV every now and then and just move, right?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: Dance? Jump rope?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: How many people have a dog, a pet? Run around with your dog. How many people can hula hoop? Do the hula hoop. How many people can shoot a basket? Shoot a basket. How many people can do a push-up? Try a push-up. How many people can do jumping jacks? Jumping jacks.

So that means when you go home, right, after you finish your homework, before you turn on the TV, turn on the radio and move. Will you promise me that? Everyday. Everyday. Will you all promise?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: All right, well, then, let’s get moving. Let’s do our “Jamming Minute.” Are we ready to go?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: All right.

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: First Lady, Mrs. Obama, in the back of the room we have our nurse and we have our office staff --

MRS. OBAMA: What, you think we need a nurse? (Laughter.)

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: Well, she --

MRS. OBAMA: What’s going on with the “Jamming Minute” -- (laughter) -- that we need medical assistance? (Laughter.)

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: She leads the “Jamming Minute” every day.

MRS. OBAMA: All right, all right.

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: So I will turn the floor over to her. We’ll listen.

MRS. OBAMA: We’re ready. We’re ready to jam.

(The students participate in the “Jamming Minute.”)

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: Thank you, boys and girls. Let’s give them a hand. (Applause.)

MRS. OBAMA: All right, so are we going to do some -- are the kids going to do some --

MS. NICHOLS: So now, you guys, I loved all those exercises. Those are fun, huh?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MS. NICHOLS: I think my favorite was cross the bridge. So now what we’re going to do is us Olympic and Paralympic athletes are going to run you through one of our favorite exercises. So Hannah is going to pick her favorite, Shani will pick his, Heath will pick his favorite, and I'll do mine, okay?

MRS. OBAMA: All right.

MS. NICHOLS: You guys ready?

AUDIENCE: Yes.
 
MS. NICHOLS: Who do you guys want to start?

AUDIENCE: Hannah!

MS. NICHOLS: Hannah!

MR. DAVIS: I heard Hannah.

MRS. OBAMA: Wasn’t clear. (Laughter.)

(The Olympians and Paralympians lead exercises.)

MRS. OBAMA: Let’s see if the kids have any questions for the Olympians before we go. Sorry -- off-script. (Laughter.) You guys -- what, are you guys up for taking some questions from the little people?

All right, Principal Foster, you’re in charge.

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: Okay, Samson Bell (ph), please stand up. Speak loud and proud and ask the First Lady your question.

MRS. OBAMA: Or any of the Olympians.

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: Or any of the Olympians.

Q What was it like when you first started to speed skate?

MR. FITTS: Would you mind repeating the question?

Q What was it like when you first started to speed skate?

MRS. OBAMA: You got that, Alan? (Laughter.)

MR. DAVIS: Well, that's a good question. When I first started speed skating, it was -- I had to start kind of from the ground up. I saw everyone around me, all the older skaters, so fast, and the only thing I wanted to do was try to be like them some day, so I had to work very hard the days that I had practice, which was on Tuesdays and Thursdays, and then of course all those miles I ran before school. So got the endurance right.

But it was very challenging. It didn’t come as easy as it may seem now if you watched speed skating on TV. I’ve been skating for over 21 years of my life. I started when I was six years old, so it was a long time -- that it took a lot of dedication and hard work, as well as a lot of focus, to get to where I’m at now. But it was not easy. Very difficult.

MRS. OBAMA: There’s a mic. Get the mic!

Q Shani Davis, have you ever had a TV show on speed skating?

MRS. OBAMA: Yeah, Shani. (Laughter.)

MR. DAVIS: Speed skating has a big audience in Europe, and I actually had some documentaries made on me a few years back and even before these Olympics. And actually I think 800,000 people watched it. So the answer of your question is kind of yes and kind of no. But maybe some day. You just got to ask for it, and maybe people will get the good idea and make that happen. Good job. Would you watch it if I had a speed skating TV show?

Q Yes.

MR. DAVIS: Okay, that’s good. Thank you.

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: Christian Davis Gooding, Jr. (ph), what’s your question?

Q Michelle Obama, what do you think you would do to get everybody in the “Let’s Move” program?

MRS. OBAMA: Okay, that's a good question: What would I do to get everybody involved in the “Let’s Move” program? I'd do sort of what I’m doing now. I'd ask everybody to help, because it’s going to take everybody. It’s going to take parents, it’s going to take teachers and principals, it’s going to take the people who make the food that you all eat to make it healthier, it’s going to take all our athletes -- because it’s not just the Paralympians and the Olympians here who are helping. These guys have committed to go help us spread the word, along with a lot of athletes from Major League Baseball and National Basketball League and folks who play professional soccer.

But the most important people that we need are all of you all, because ultimately, as all the athletes said, these decisions are yours to make, right? I mean, you make the decision about what you eat and how you move, right? So ultimately it’s going to be up to all of you all to make good decisions that will help you for the rest of your lives. Okay?

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: Okay, Karan Foster (ph). No relation, just saying. Karan Foster back here.

Q Alana Nichols, what did it feel like to ski without your legs?

MS. NICHOLS: That’s a good question. As Michelle told you guys, I was a snowboarder before my accident. And when I lost my legs, what happened was I broke my back, and my back -- the bones in my back went through my spinal chord, which is the way that your brain communicates with your legs. So when my bones went through that spinal chord, my brain couldn’t tell my legs how to work anymore, and that's why I’m in a chair.

And the first time I went skiing was really frustrating. I fell down every time. I stood back up -- I sat back up, rather; fell down; and I struggled to get back up; and I fell down again. And I just kept wanting to get better. And every time I was doing it, I got just a little bit better. And so I thought, well, maybe if I just keep doing it, I'll get really good. And that's exactly what happened.

So the first time I tried skiing, it wasn’t very easy, but it got better. And eventually I was able to get really good, and then it was a lot of fun because I quit falling. And now I get to do what I love and I get to go to the Paralympics and win medals sometimes.

So whatever you want to do, just keeping working at it and you’ll get better at it.

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: Amber Brown (ph).

Q Michelle Obama, do you think you can get a TV show called “Let’s Move” so people could move with you on TV?

MRS. OBAMA: Let me ask another: Do you think if you saw it on TV, you guys would do it more?

AUDIENCE: Yes.

MRS. OBAMA: Well, there you go. TV show it is. Katie? (Laughter.)

How much more time? How are we doing on time? Okay, we got one more, Principal.

PRINCIPAL FOSTER: Okay, I don’t want to ignore the kids on stage. Tayana (ph)? Make it a good one.

Q Mrs. Obama, what kind of sport are you engaged in?

MRS. OBAMA: Oh, I love sports. I love sports. Okay, so right now I love to play tennis. I try to play it as much as I can. I work out every day. Every day. Every single day. I run on the treadmill. I lift weights. The President loves basketball. And sometimes I play, but I don't know about basketball.

And I like to ski. We did some skiing this year. I’m getting a little bit better. Can do some green slopes and blue slopes.

Q (Inaudible.)

MRS. OBAMA: Maybe next year. (Laughter.) So I like all kinds of sports. But tennis is probably one of my favorite sports.

All right, you guys. Thank you.

END
12:00 P.M. EDT

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

Declaraciones del Presidente Antes de la Reunion con Lideres de Ambos Partidos del Senado y del Comite Judicial del Senado

Oficina Oval

10:43 A.M. EDT

   EL PRESIDENTE: Muy bien, muy bien. Estamos aquí para hablar sobre la Corte Suprema. Obviamente, estamos por perder uno… los servicios de uno de los mejores jueces de la Corte Suprema que hemos visto jamás. El juez Stevens anunció que se jubilará a fines de este periodo. Va a ser muy difícil llenar el vacío que deja, alguien que actuó con integridad extraordinaria y devoción por la ley.

   Pero estoy seguro de que podemos encontrar un candidato que se gane la confianza del Senado y la confianza del país y la confianza de las personas que cuentan con que la corte dicte justicia imparcialmente por el bien de todos los estadounidenses.

   La última vez, cuando nombré a Sonia Sotomayor, debo decir que todas las personas sentadas aquí —Mitch McConnell, Harry Reid, Jeff Sessions y Patrick Leahy— trabajaron de manera muy colaboradora en lo que consideré un eficiente, cortés y sensato proceso de nombramiento y proceso de confirmación. Y les agradezco mucho, en particular al miembro de más antigüedad y al presidente del Comité Judicial, por dirigir un proceso eficaz.

   Tengo la esperanza de que podamos hacer exactamente lo mismo esta vez. La última vez se remitió el nombramiento a fines de mayo. Sin duda vamos a cumplir con el plazo y esperamos poder, quizá, acelerarlo un poquito para que tengamos tiempo adicional. Pero tengo la esperanza de que podamos lograr que se confirme al candidato a la Corte Suprema a tiempo para la próxima sesión.

Como dijo el juez Stevens, pienso que es muy importante, particularmente dados los importantes casos que posiblemente se presenten ante la Corte Suprema, que concluyamos este proceso para que un nuevo juez pueda ocupar su escaño y cuente con personal y pueda trabajar efectivamente con sus colegas a tiempo para la sesión del otoño.

   Entonces, quiero volver a agradecerles a todos estos caballeros por sus comentarios. Están aquí para conferenciar conmigo. Una de las cosas que hicimos la última vez fue escuchar las ideas y opiniones de nuestros colegas antes de nombrar un candidato. Tomo este proceso muy en serio. Y entonces, me interesa escuchar sus ideas e inquietudes antes de que se tome cualquier decisión final.

   Muy bien. Con eso, permítanme contestar una pregunta. Ben, te toca a ti.

   P. Gracias, señor Presidente. ¿Estaría dispuesto a nombrar a alguien que no apoya el derecho de la mujer a decidir?

   EL PRESIDENTE: ¿Saben? A mi parecer, la mujer debe poder tomar decisiones a menudo muy difíciles sobre su propio cuerpo y asuntos de reproducción. Obviamente, éste ha sido un asunto enormemente contencioso en nuestro país durante mucho tiempo. Diré lo mismo que ha dicho todo Presidente desde que surgió este asunto, que es que ninguno de estos asuntos constituye un requisito obligatorio de inclusión.

   Pero diré que quiero a alguien que vaya a interpretar nuestra Constitución teniendo en cuenta los derechos individuales, y eso incluye los derechos de la mujer. Y eso será algo que va a ser muy importante para mí, porque considero que parte de lo que constituye el núcleo de nuestra Constitución… que los valores constitucionales promueven la noción de que la privacidad e integridad corporal de las personas está protegida, y las mujeres no son excepción.

   Está bien. Gracias. Les agradezco.

   P ¿Está a punto de tomar una decisión?

   EL PRESIDENTE: ¿Saben? Creo que tenemos candidatos potenciales fabulosos.
 
                       END               10:48 A.M. EDT
 

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

Remarks by The President before Meeting with Bipartisan Leaders of the Senate and the Senate Judiciary Committee

Oval Office

10:43 A.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT:  All right, everybody.  We are here to talk about the Supreme Court.  Obviously, we have lost one of -- the services of one of the finest Supreme Court Justices that we’ve seen.  Justice Stevens announced that he will be retiring at the end of this term.  Those are going to be some tough shoes to fill.  This is somebody who operated with extraordinary integrity and fidelity to the law.

But I’m confident that we can come up with a nominee who will gain the confidence of the Senate and the confidence of the country, and the confidence of individuals who look to the Court to provide evenhanded justice to all Americans.

Last time, when I nominated Sonia Sotomayor, I have to say that all the individuals who are sitting here -- Mitch McConnell, Harry Reid, Jeff Sessions and Patrick Leahy -- worked very cooperatively on what I considered to be a smooth, civil, thoughtful nomination process and confirmation process.  And I very much thank particularly the Ranking Member and the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee for running a smooth process.

My hope is, is that we can do the exact same thing this time.  Last time the nomination went up at the end of May.  We are certainly going to meet that deadline and we hope maybe we can accelerate it a little bit so that we have some additional time.  But my hope is that we’re going to be able to get a Supreme Court nominee confirmed in time for the next session.

As Justice Stevens said, I think it’s very important, particularly given the important cases that may be coming before the Supreme Court, that we get this process wrapped up so that a new justice can be seated and staffed and can work effectively with his or her colleagues in time for the fall session.

So I just want to again thank all of these gentlemen for their input.  They are here to consult with me.  One of the things that we did last time was to listen to the thoughts and views of our colleagues before I nominated a candidate.  I take this process very seriously.  And so I’m going to be interested in hearing their thoughts and concerns before any final decisions are made.

All right.  With that, let me call on one question.  Ben, you get the shot.

Q    Thank you, Mr. President.  Would you be willing to nominate someone who did not support a woman’s right to choose?

THE PRESIDENT:  You know, I am somebody who believes that women should have the ability to make often very difficult decisions about their own bodies and issues of reproduction.  Obviously this has been a hugely contentious issue in our country for a very long time.  I will say the same thing that every President has said since this issue came up, which is I don’t have litmus tests around any of these issues.

But I will say that I want somebody who is going to be interpreting our Constitution in a way that takes into account individual rights, and that includes women’s rights.  And that’s going to be something that’s very important to me, because I think part of what our core Constitution -- constitutional values promote is the notion that individuals are protected in their privacy and their bodily integrity, and women are not exempt from that.

All right.  Thank you.  I appreciate it.

Q    Are you getting close to a decision?

THE PRESIDENT:  You know, I think we’ve got some terrific potential candidates.
 
END
10:48 A.M. EDT